List of Killings Ordered or Supported by Muhammad: Difference between revisions

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==List of Killings==
==List of Killings==
The following list of killings is roughly in chronological order.
<BR><small><center>{{legend|#EEEEEE|Ordered by Muhammad|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
<BR><small><center>{{legend|#EEEEEE|Ordered by Muhammad|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend|#E3E3B6|Supported but not ordered by Muhammad|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#FFD4D4|Women and/or children|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#B6B6E3|Apostates|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<BR>{{legend|#FFF3D4|Reasons including writing or reciting poetry|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#DEFFD4|Reasons including "causing offence"|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#D4F4FF|Reasons including monetary gain|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}</center></small><BR>
{{legend|#E3E3B6|Supported but not ordered by Muhammad|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#FFD4D4|Women and/or children|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#B6B6E3|Apostates|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}<BR>{{legend|#FFF3D4|Reasons including writing or reciting poetry|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#DEFFD4|Reasons including "causing offence"|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#D4F4FF|Reasons including monetary gain|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#FDFF75|Reasons including preventing idolatry or rival prophets|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}</center></small><BR>
 
Names in '''bold''' indicate that the ''only'' reason why the sources indicate Muhammad wanted them to be killed or threatened with death was because they had mocked, insulted, or cast doubt on him, or to extort economic gain, or to destroy idolatry or rival prophets. All others may have been killed for additional reasons such as posing or inciting a physical threat, or deserved punishment for murder or harming people, as indicated in the Reasons column.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"
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| Abu 'Afak
| Abu 'Afak
| February 624<ref name="William Muir Elder and co 133">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref>
| February 624<ref name="William Muir Elder and co 133">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref>
|style="background: #FFF3D4;" | Kill the Jewish poet Abu Afak for opposing Muhammad through poetry<ref name=Haddad>{{cite book|last=Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Ellison Banks Findly|title=Women, religion, and social change|year=1985|publisher=SUNY Press|location=NewYork|isbn=0-88706-069-2|page=24}}</ref><ref name="Muhammad pp. 675-676"/><ref name="William Muir Elder and co 133">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref><ref>De Mahdi Rizqullah Ahmad, Darussalam,  [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=G7YA55Ih59oC&pg=PA433  A Biography of the Prophet of Islam (Vol 1 & 2)], p. 433.</ref>
|style="background: #FFF3D4;" | Kill the Jewish poet Abu Afak for opposing Muhammad through poetry<ref name=Haddad>{{cite book|last=Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Ellison Banks Findly|title=Women, religion, and social change|year=1985|publisher=SUNY Press|location=NewYork|isbn=0-88706-069-2|page=24}}</ref><ref name="Muhammad pp. 675-676"/><ref name="William Muir Elder and co 133">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref><ref>De Mahdi Rizqullah Ahmad, Darussalam,  [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=G7YA55Ih59oC&pg=PA433  A Biography of the Prophet of Islam (Vol 1 & 2)], p. 433.</ref>, and according to ibn Sa'd, instigating the people against Muhammad<ref name="ibn Sa'd p31">"''Then occurred the "sariyyah" of Salim Ibn Umayr al-Amri against Abu Afak, the Jew, in [the month of] Shawwal in the beginning of the twentieth month from the hijrah''" - Sa'd, Ibn (1967). ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2.]'' Pakistan Historical Society. p. 31.</ref>
|  
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Abu Afak assassinated<ref name="William Muir Elder and co 133">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref><ref name="Muhammad pp. 675-676"/><ref name=Haddad>{{cite book|last=Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Ellison Banks Findly|title=Women, religion, and social change|year=1985|publisher=SUNY Press|location=NewYork|isbn=0-88706-069-2|page=24}}</ref>
Abu Afak assassinated<ref name="William Muir Elder and co 133">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YDwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=front|authors=William Muir |year=1861| publisher = Smith, Elder and co|page=133}}</ref><ref name="Muhammad pp. 675-676"/><ref name=Haddad>{{cite book|last=Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, Ellison Banks Findly|title=Women, religion, and social change|year=1985|publisher=SUNY Press|location=NewYork|isbn=0-88706-069-2|page=24}}</ref>
|  
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*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 675.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad pp. 675-676"/>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>"''Then occurred the "sariyyah" of Salim Ibn Umayr al-Amri against Abu Afak, the Jew, in [the month of] Shawwal in the beginning of the twentieth month from the hijrah''" - Sa'd, Ibn (1967). ''[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2.]'' Pakistan Historical Society. p. 31.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="ibn Sa'd p31"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 3
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 3
| Al Nadr ibn al-Harith
| Al Nadr ibn al-Harith
| After Battle of Badr<br>March 624<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274">Safi ur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, p. 274.</ref>
| After Battle of Badr<br>March 624<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274">Safi ur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, p. 274.</ref>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |According to Mubarakpuri, Al Nadir was captured during the Battle of Badr. A Qur'an verse was revealed ordering the execution of Nadr bin Harith, he was one of two prisoners who were executed and not allowed to be ransomed by their clans because he mocked and harassed Muhammad and wrote poems and stories criticizing him<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274"/><ref name="Haykal 1976 Part 2 p 223">Muḥammad Ḥusayn Haykal, Ismaʼil R. Al-Faruqi, The life of Muḥammad: Volume 1976, Part 2, p. 223.</ref>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |According to Mubarakpuri, Al Nadir was captured during the Battle of Badr. A Qur'an verse was revealed about Nadr bin Harith for mocking the Qur'an as "tales of the ancients". He was one of two prisoners who were executed and not allowed to be ransomed by their clans because he mocked and harassed Muhammad and wrote poems and stories criticizing him<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274"/><ref name="Haykal 1976 Part 2 p 223">Muḥammad Ḥusayn Haykal, Ismaʼil R. Al-Faruqi, The life of Muḥammad: Volume 1976, Part 2, p. 223.</ref>. According to Waqidi, he also tortured companions of Muhammad<ref>“Surely, you tortured his companions” The Life of Muhammad: Al-Waqidi's Kitab al-Maghazi (Routledge Studies in Classical Islam). Faizer, Rizwi [Editor]. Routledge pp.53-54</ref>
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Nadr bin Harith beheaded by Ali<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274"/><ref name="Haykal 1976 Part 2 p 223"></ref>
Nadr bin Harith beheaded by Ali<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274"/><ref name="Haykal 1976 Part 2 p 223"></ref>
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Uqba bin Abu Muayt beheaded by Asim ibn Thabbit or Ali<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274"/><ref name="Haykal 1976 Part 2 p 223"></ref>
Uqba bin Abu Muayt beheaded by Asim ibn Thabbit or Ali<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 274"/><ref name="Haykal 1976 Part 2 p 223"></ref>
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*Sunan Abu Dawud no. 2680 (with commentary from Awnul Mabud 3/12)<ref>Safi ur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, p. 274 (footnote 1).</ref>
*{{Bukhari|1|9|499}}, {{Bukhari|6|60|339}}
*{{Bukhari|1|9|499}}
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 308.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 308.</ref>
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
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| Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf  
| Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf  
| September 624<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=35|quote=SARIYYAH FOR SLAYING KA'B IBN AL-ASHRAF Then (occurred) the sariyyah for slaying Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf, the Jew. It took place on 14 Rabi' al-Awwal (4. September AC 624))}}</ref><ref> {{cite book | author = Montgomery Watt, W. | editor = P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs | encyclopedia =Encyclopaedia of Islam Online| title = Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf| publisher = Brill Academic Publishers | id = ISSN 1573-3912}}</ref><ref name="stillman13">{{cite book | first=Norman | last=Stillman | title=The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book | publisher=Jewish Publication Society of America | location=Philadelphia | year=1979 |page=13}} ISBN 0827601166 p. 13.</ref>
| September 624<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=35|quote=SARIYYAH FOR SLAYING KA'B IBN AL-ASHRAF Then (occurred) the sariyyah for slaying Ka'b Ibn al-Ashraf, the Jew. It took place on 14 Rabi' al-Awwal (4. September AC 624))}}</ref><ref> {{cite book | author = Montgomery Watt, W. | editor = P.J. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs | encyclopedia =Encyclopaedia of Islam Online| title = Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf| publisher = Brill Academic Publishers | id = ISSN 1573-3912}}</ref><ref name="stillman13">{{cite book | first=Norman | last=Stillman | title=The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book | publisher=Jewish Publication Society of America | location=Philadelphia | year=1979 |page=13}} ISBN 0827601166 p. 13.</ref>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |According to Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad ordered his followers to kill Ka'b because he "had gone to Mecca after Badr and inveighed against Muhammad. He also composed verses in which he bewailed the victims of Quraysh who had been killed at Badr. Shortly afterwards he returned to Medina and composed amatory verses of an insulting nature about the Muslim women".<ref>Uri Rubin, The Assassination of Kaʿb b. al-Ashraf, Oriens, Vol. 32. (1990), pp. 65-71.</ref><ref name="online">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.151-153. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tWdFK8C online])</ref>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |According to Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad ordered his followers to kill Ka'b because he "had gone to Mecca after Badr and "inveighed" against Muhammad and composed verses in which he bewailed the victims of Quraysh who had been killed at Badr. Shortly afterwards he returned to Medina and composed amatory verses of an insulting nature about the Muslim women".<ref name="ibn Ishaq p364-369">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 364-369.</ref><ref>Uri Rubin, The Assassination of Kaʿb b. al-Ashraf, Oriens, Vol. 32. (1990), pp. 65-71.</ref><ref name="online">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp.151-153. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60tWdFK8C online])</ref>. Ibn Kathir adds that he incited the people to fight Muhammad.
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Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf assassinated<ref name="online"/>
Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf assassinated<ref name="online"/>
|  
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*{{Bukhari|5|59|369}}, {{muslim|19|4436}}
*{{Bukhari|5|59|369}}, {{muslim|19|4436}}
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="ibn Ishaq p364-369"/>
*Ibn Kathir's Sira al-Nabawiyya<ref>Ibn Kathir says of al-Ashraf: "he harmed the messenger of God (SAAS) by ridiculing him in verse and he rode in to Quraysh to incite them further", and "He went to Medina where he proclaimed his enmity and incited people to go to war. He had not left Mecca before he had united them to fight the Messenger of God (SAAS)" Ibn Kathir, Sira al-Nabawiyya Volume 3, Translator:Trevor Gassick, Centre for Muslim Contribution to Civilisation, p.6-7</ref>
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 6
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*Musnad Ahmad 3:496<ref>[http://www.sunnah.org/ibadaat/tawassul_3.htm Sunnah.org], says  Ahmad 3:496, al-Waqidi 2:533, [http://archive.is/hqM8x archive]</ref>
*Musnad Ahmad 3:496<ref>[http://www.sunnah.org/ibadaat/tawassul_3.htm Sunnah.org], says  Ahmad 3:496, al-Waqidi 2:533, [http://archive.is/hqM8x archive]</ref>
*Abu Dawud, book 2 no.1244<ref>[http://www.hadithcollection.com/abudawud/234-Abu%20Dawud%20Book%2002.%20Prayer/15945-abu-dawud-book-002-hadith-number-1244.html Abu Dawud 2:1244], hadithcollection.com [http://www.webcitation.org/608IxocVe (archive)]</ref>
*{{Abudawud||1244|Hasan}}
*Ibn Hisham, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187"/>
*Ibn Hisham, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 186-187"/>
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
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| Abdullah ibn Ubayy
| Abdullah ibn Ubayy
| December 627<ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/><br>(during Invasion of Banu Mustaliq<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 208-210. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wabZqtW online])</ref> )  
| December 627<ref name="Abū Khalīl 2003 242"/><br>(during Invasion of Banu Mustaliq<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 208-210. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wabZqtW online])</ref> )  
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Kill Abdullah ibn Ubayy, who was accused by Muhammad of slandering his family by spreading false rumors about Aisha (his wife).<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 18 (Part 18): Al-Muminum 1 to Al-Furqan 20 2nd Edition|authors=Ibn Kathīr, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UXIMSE5E-soC&pg=PA77|year=2009|publisher=MSA Publication Limited
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Kill Abdullah ibn Ubayy, to whom verse 63:8 refers, and who was accused by Muhammad of slandering his family by spreading false rumors about Aisha (his wife).<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 18 (Part 18): Al-Muminum 1 to Al-Furqan 20 2nd Edition|authors=Ibn Kathīr, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UXIMSE5E-soC&pg=PA77|year=2009|publisher=MSA Publication Limited
|isbn=9781861797223|pages=77}} </ref> His son offered to behead him<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 209-210. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wabZqtW online])</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The Life of Mohammed|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&printsec=frontcover| first=Hussain|last=Haykal|year=1994|publisher=Islamic Book Trust
|isbn=9781861797223|pages=77}} </ref> His son offered to behead him<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 209-210. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wabZqtW online])</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The Life of Mohammed|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fOyO-TSo5nEC&printsec=frontcover| first=Hussain|last=Haykal|year=1994|publisher=Islamic Book Trust
|isbn=978-8187746461|page=354}}</ref>
|isbn=978-8187746461|page=354}}</ref>
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Muhammad calls off assassination and says to Umar "if I had had him (Abdullah bin Ubai) killed, a large number of dignitaries would have furiously hastened to fight for him"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 210">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 210. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wabZqtW online])</ref> Later he reveals a Quran verse forbidding Muslims from attending the funeral of disbelievers and "hypocrites"<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 4), Volume 4|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bT8A7qQ-7ZoC&pg=PA490|page=490}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 10 (Part 10): Al-Anfal 41 To At-Tauba 92|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9PL5jJ_ZOI0C&pg=PA221|first=Muhammad Saed | last=Rahman |year=2008 | publisher=MSA publication limited | isbn=9781861795786|page=221}}</ref>
Muhammad calls off assassination and says to Umar "if I had had him (Abdullah bin Ubai) killed, a large number of dignitaries would have furiously hastened to fight for him"<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 210">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 210. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60wabZqtW online])</ref> Later he reveals a Quran verse forbidding Muslims from attending the funeral of disbelievers and "hypocrites"<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 4), Volume 4|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bT8A7qQ-7ZoC&pg=PA490|page=490}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 10 (Part 10): Al-Anfal 41 To At-Tauba 92|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9PL5jJ_ZOI0C&pg=PA221|first=Muhammad Saed | last=Rahman |year=2008 | publisher=MSA publication limited | isbn=9781861795786|page=221}}</ref>
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*{{Bukhari|5|59|462}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|462}}
*{{Quran-range|63|7|8}}
*{{Bukhari|6|60|424}}
*{{Bukhari|5|59|462}}
*Ibn Hisham, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 210"/>
*Ibn Hisham, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 210"/>
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 18
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 18
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Fartana
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |'''Fartana'''
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Hussain Haykal p. 440">Hussain Haykal, The Life of Mohammed, p. 440.</ref>
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Hussain Haykal p. 440">Hussain Haykal, The Life of Mohammed, p. 440.</ref>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Kill Fartana (a slave girl of Abdullah ibn Khatal), because she used to recite poems insulting Muhammad<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Kill Fartana (a slave girl of Abdullah ibn Khatal), because she used to sing satirical songs about Muhammad<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254"/>
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Fartana is killed<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254"/><ref name="Hussain Haykal p. 440"/>
Fartana is killed<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 254"/><ref name="Hussain Haykal p. 440"/>
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*{{abudawud|14|2677}}
*{{abudawud|14|2678}}
*{{abudawud|14|2678}}
*{{Al Nasai||5|37|4072}}
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 550">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 550.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 550">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 550.</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 174"/>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 174"/>
*Al-Waqidi, Kitab al-Maghazi<ref name="Waqidi p406">The Life of Muhammad: Al-Waqidi's Kitab al-Maghazi (Routledge Studies in Classical Islam). Faizer, Rizwi [Editor]. Routledge p.406</ref>
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 19
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 19
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Quraybah
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |'''Quraybah'''
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Kill Quraybah (a slave girl of Abdullah ibn Khatal), because she used to recite poems insulting Muhammad<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Kill Quraybah (a slave girl of Abdullah ibn Khatal), because she used to sing satirical songs about Muhammad<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
|  
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Quraybah converts to Islam and is pardoned<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 174"/>
Quraybah converts to Islam and is pardoned<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 174"/>
|  
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*{{abudawud|14|2677}}
*{{abudawud|14|2678}}
*{{abudawud|14|2678}}
*{{Al Nasai||5|37|4072}}
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 550"/>
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 550"/>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 174"/>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 174"/>
*Al-Waqidi, Kitab al-Maghazi<ref name="Waqidi p406"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 20
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 20
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 22
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 22
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Sarah
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |'''Sara'''
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Kill Sarah, because Muhammad claimed that she used to molest him while he was in Mecca<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Ibn Ishaq says Muhammad ordered Sara be killed because she "had insulted him in Mecca"<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/><ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
|  
|  
Conflicting reports:
Conflicting reports:
#Ibn Ishaq reports that she embraced Islam but was killed later, during the time of Umar<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
#Ibn Ishaq reports that she embraced Islam but was killed later, during the time of Umar<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
#Tabari reports she was killed<ref name="books.google.com">{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| authors=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein  (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504
#Tabari reports she was killed<ref name="books.google.com">{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| authors=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein  (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504
|page=79}}</ref>  
|pages=179-180}}</ref>  
|  
|  
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
Line 269: Line 282:
| Harith ibn Hisham
| Harith ibn Hisham
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| Kill Harith ibn Hisham, reason unknown<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
| Kill Harith ibn Hisham, reason unknown<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>, though he was among those who fought against the Muslims in the battle of Uhud<ref>{{Al Tirmidhi||5|44|3004}}.</ref>>
|  
|  
According to Ibn Sa'd, Zubayr ibn Abi Umayyah and Harith ibn Hisham both sought refuge in a Muslim relatives house, the relative pleaded with Muhammad for mercy, so he pardoned them on the condition they embrace Islam<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 179">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=179}}</ref>
According to Ibn Sa'd, Zubayr ibn Abi Umayyah and Harith ibn Hisham both sought refuge in a Muslim relatives house, the relative pleaded with Muhammad for mercy, so he pardoned them on the condition they embrace Islam<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Sa'd 1967 179">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=179}}</ref>
Line 286: Line 299:
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 25
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 25
| Habbar Ibn al-Aswad bin Ka`b al-`Ansi
| '''al-Aswad al-Ansi'''
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Kill Habbar ibn al-Aswad because he was a "liar",<ref name="The last years of the Prophet">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
| style="background: #FDFF75;" |Muhammad sent a messenger to Yemen instructing that al-Aswad al-Ansi (not to be confused with Habbar al-Aswad) should be killed because he was a "false prophet"<ref name="The last years of the Prophet">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA121|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=167}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">{{Bukhari|5|59|662}}</ref> he claimed he was a Prophet<ref name="The last years of the Prophet"/>
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=167}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref> and a "liar"<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Bukhari|5|59|662}}</ref>. Al-Baladhuri reports that al-Aswad was a false prophet and refused Muhammad's invitation to accept Islam.<ref name="Baladhuri">Abu-l Abbas Ahmad Ibn Jabir al-Baladhuri, "Futuh al-Buldan", Chapter XXI: Al-Aswad al-‘Ansi and those in al-Yaman who apostatized with him, translated by Philip Khuri Hitti, 1916, New York: Columbia University</ref>
|  
|  
Habbar ibn al-Aswad killed<ref name="The last years of the Prophet"/><ref name="ReferenceC"/>
Tabari reports that al-Aswad al-Ansi was killed the day before Muhammad's own death after he sent a messenger to persuade the local al-Abna' people to kill him<ref name="The last years of the Prophet"/><ref name="ReferenceC"/> Al Baladhuri adds further detail that Muhammad chose this plan because the al-Abna' already had grievances against al-Aswad.<ref name="Baladhuri"/>
|  
|  
*{{Bukhari|5|59|662}}, {{Bukhari|4|56|817}}
*{{Bukhari|5|59|662}}, {{Bukhari|4|56|817}}
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 551"/>
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="The last years of the Prophet"/>
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="The last years of the Prophet">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=167}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title= Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=168}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 26
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 26
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 28
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 28
| Ka'b ibn Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulama
| '''Ka'b ibn Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulama'''
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| After Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Assassinate Ka'b ibn Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulama for writing satirical poems about Muhammad<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref>M. Th. Houtsma, E.J. Brill's first encyclopedia of Islam, 1913-1936, p. 584.</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 287">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 287.</ref><ref name="Muhammad p. 597">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 597.</ref>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Assassinate Ka'b ibn Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulama for writing satirical poems about Muhammad<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref>M. Th. Houtsma, E.J. Brill's first encyclopedia of Islam, 1913-1936, p. 584.</ref><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 287">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 287.</ref>. One of his poems recorded by Ibn Ishaq includes the line, "I was told that the Messenger of Allah threatened me (with death), but with the Messenger of Allah I have hope of finding pardon"<ref name="Muhammad p. 597-601">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 597-601.</ref>.
|  
|  
Ibn Ishaq wrote that Muhammad said "Leave him alone, he has become a repentant Muslim after the disposal of his past.", so he was pardoned<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 287"/><ref name="Muhammad p. 597"/>
Ibn Ishaq wrote that when one of the Ansar asked permission to behead Ka'b, "the apostle told him to let him alone because he had come repentant breaking from his past", so he was pardoned<ref name="Muhammad p. 597-601"/><ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 287"/>
|  
|  
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 597"/>
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 597-601"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 29
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 29
| Al-Harith bin al-Talatil
| '''Al-Harith bin al-Talatil'''
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |For mocking Muhammad through poetry<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |For mocking Muhammad through poetry<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
Line 337: Line 347:
Al-Harith bin al-Talatil is killed by Ali<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Umar Ibn Kathīr p. 57">Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr, Trevor Le Gassick (translator), The life of the prophet Muḥammad: a translation of al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, p. 57.</ref>
Al-Harith bin al-Talatil is killed by Ali<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref name="Umar Ibn Kathīr p. 57">Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr, Trevor Le Gassick (translator), The life of the prophet Muḥammad: a translation of al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya, p. 57.</ref>
|  
|  
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Umar Ibn Kathīr p. 57"/>
*Ibn Kathir's Sira al-Nabawiyya<ref name="Umar Ibn Kathīr p. 57"/>
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 30
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 30
| Abdullah ibn Zib'ari
| '''Abdullah ibn Ziba'ra'''
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Kill Abdullah ibn Zib'ari, for writing insulting poems about Muhammad<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Kill Abdullah ibn Ziba'ra, for writing insulting poems about Muhammad<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
|  
|  
Abdullah ibn Zib'ari repents and converts to Islam, so Muhammad pardoned him<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
Ibn Hisham reports that Abdullah ibn Ziba'ra repented and converted to Islam, so Muhammad pardoned him<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/><ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 556</ref> and that he had fled because "the apostle had killed some of the men in Mecca who had satirized and insulted him".<ref name="Hisham p597">Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 597</ref>
|  
|  
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah
*Al-Waqidi's Kitab al-Maghazi<ref name="Waqidi p417">The Life of Muhammad: Al-Waqidi's Kitab al-Maghazi (Routledge Studies in Classical Islam). Faizer, Rizwi [Editor]. Routledge p.417</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir<ref>Ibn Sa'd, Syed Moinul Haq (translator), Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2, p. 174.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Hisham p597"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 31
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 31
| Hubayrah
| '''Hubayrah'''
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<br>(Jan 630)<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Kill Hubayrah, for mocking Muhammad through poetry<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #FFF3D4;" |Kill Hubayrah (cousin of al Ziba'ra), for mocking Muhammad through poetry<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
|  
|  
Tabari Volume 39 states, Hubayrah "ran away when Mecca was conquered, and died in Najran as an infidel"<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
Tabari Volume 39 states, Hubayrah "ran away when Mecca was conquered, and died in Najran as an infidel"<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>. Ibn Ishaq reports that he fled because "the apostle had killed some of the men in Mecca who had satirized and insulted him".<ref name="Hisham p597"/>
|  
|  
*Tabari, Volume 39, Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors<ref>{{citation|title=Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=czSP046th6IC&printsec=frontcover|authors=Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron|year=1998|publisher=State University of New York Press
*Tabari, Volume 39, Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors<ref>{{citation|title=Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=czSP046th6IC&printsec=frontcover|authors=Tabari, Ella Landau-Tasseron|year=1998|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=0791428192|page=196 (footnote 852)}}</ref>
|isbn=0791428192|page=196 (footnote 852)}}</ref>
*Al-Waqidi's Kitab al-Maghazi<ref name="Waqidi p417"/>
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Hisham p597"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 32
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 32
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|-<!-- New row starts here -->
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 34
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 34
| King or Prince of Dumatul Jandal
| '''King or Prince of Dumatul Jandal'''
| October 630<ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=239}}</ref>
| October 630<ref>{{cite book|last=Abu Khalil|first=Shawqi|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mZmBkoDa9fcC&printsec=frontcover|title=Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks|date=1 March 2004|publisher=Dar-us-Salam|isbn=978-9960897714|page=239}}</ref>
| style="background: #D4F4FF;" | Attack the chief of Duma for Jizyah and booty<ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
| style="background: #D4F4FF;" | Attack the chief of Duma for Jizyah and booty<ref name="books.google.co.uk">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover|authors=Al Tabari, Isma'il Qurban Husayn (translator)|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=978-0887066917|pages=58–59}} pp. 58–59. ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref><ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 277.</ref>
|isbn=978-0887066917|pages=58–59}} pp. 58–59. ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online])</ref><ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 277.</ref>
|  
|  
1 killed, 2 taken captive<ref>{{cite book|last=Muir|first=William|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA458|title=Life of Mahomet|date=10 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|isbn=978-0766177413|pages=458–459}}</ref>
1 killed, 2 taken captive. The Chief of Duma was released unharmed.<ref>{{cite book|last=Muir|first=William|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA458|title=Life of Mahomet|date=10 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|isbn=978-0766177413|pages=458–459}}</ref>
|  
|  
*{{abudawud|19|3031}}
*{{abudawud|19|3031}}
Line 399: Line 413:
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
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! style="background: #E3E3B6;" | 36
! style="background: #E3E3B6;" | 36
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |Blind man's wife/concubine
| style="background: #FFD4D4;" |'''Blind man's wife/concubine'''
| Unknown
| Unknown
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Muhammad supported this killing because the women insulted him<ref name="617AvlDgL">[http://www.webcitation.org/617AvlDgL Ruling on one who insults the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)], Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 22809</ref><ref name="Abudawud 38 4348">{{Abudawud|38|4348}}</ref>
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Killed by a Muslim on his own initiative because the woman insulted Muhammad. When Muhammad learned what had happened he said no retaliation is payable for her blood.<ref name="617AvlDgL">[http://www.webcitation.org/617AvlDgL Ruling on one who insults the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)], Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 22809</ref><ref name="Abudawud 38 4348">{{Abudawud|38|4348}}</ref>
|  
|  
Blind Muslim kills his wife/concubine<ref name="617AvlDgL">[http://www.webcitation.org/617AvlDgL Ruling on one who insults the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)], Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 22809</ref><ref name="Abudawud 38 4348">{{abudawud|38|4348}}</ref>
Blind Muslim kills his wife/concubine<ref name="617AvlDgL">[http://www.webcitation.org/617AvlDgL Ruling on one who insults the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)], Islam Q&A, Fatwa No. 22809</ref><ref name="Abudawud 38 4348"/>
|  
|  
*{{abudawud|38|4348}}
*{{abudawud|38|4348}}
*Sunan al-Nasai no. 4081
*{{Al Nasai||5|37|4075}}
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 37
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 37
| Ibn Sunayna
| Ibn Sunayna
| Unknown  
| Unknown  
| Muhammad reportedly ordered his followers to "kill any Jew that falls into your power", Muhayissa heard this and went out to kill Ibn Sunayna (a Jew)<ref name="Jewish Publication Society">{{cite book|author=Norman A. Stillman|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bFN2ismyhEYC&pg=PA128|title=The Jews of Arab lands: a history and source book|year=2003|publisher=Jewish Publication Society|page=128}} ISBN 9780827601987</ref><ref name="Sir John Bagot Glubb">{{cite book|author=Sir John Bagot Glubb|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AMrXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life and times of Muhammad|year=1998|publisher=Madison Books|page=199}} ISBN 9781568331126</ref>
| Muhammad reportedly ordered his followers to "kill any Jew that falls into your power", Muhayissa heard this and went out to kill Ibn Sunayna (a Jew)<ref name="Jewish Publication Society">{{cite book|author=Norman A. Stillman|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bFN2ismyhEYC&pg=PA128|title=The Jews of Arab lands: a history and source book|year=2003|publisher=Jewish Publication Society|page=128}} ISBN 9780827601987</ref><ref name="Sir John Bagot Glubb p. 199">{{cite book|author=Sir John Bagot Glubb|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AMrXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life and times of Muhammad|year=1998|publisher=Madison Books|page=199}} ISBN 9781568331126</ref>
|  
|  
Ibn Sunayna killed by Muhayissa<ref name="Jewish Publication Society"/><ref name="Sir John Bagot Glubb">{{cite book|author=Sir John Bagot Glubb|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AMrXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life and times of Muhammad|year=1998|publisher=Madison Books|9781568331126|page=199}}</ref>
Ibn Sunayna killed by Muhayissa<ref name="Jewish Publication Society"/><ref name="Sir John Bagot Glubb p. 199"/>
|  
|  
*{{abudawud|19|2996}}
*{{abudawud|19|2996}}
Line 419: Line 433:
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 38
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 38
| style="background: #B6B6E3;" |Abdullah ibn Sa‘ad
| style="background: #B6B6E3;" |'''Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh'''
| Unknown
| During/after Conquest of Mecca<ref name="Wahid 327-333"/>
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Kill Abdullah ibn Sa‘ad, because he became and apostate (left Islam) and fled to Mecca. He also claimed that he was the one who wrote the Qur'an and started to mock Muhammad, which made him angry<ref name="Sir. William 1861 131">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Feo9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA131 |first=Muir| last=Sir. William|year=1861 | publisher=Abe books|page=131}}</ref>
(Jan 630)[
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Kill Abdallah ibn Sa‘ad, because he became and apostate (left Islam) and fled to Mecca. He also claimed that he was the one who wrote certain verses of the Qur'an and started to mock Muhammad, which made him angry<ref name="Sir. William 1861 131">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Feo9AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA131 |first=Muir| last=Sir. William|year=1861 | publisher=Abe books|page=131}}</ref>
|  
|  
A misunderstanding leads to his pardoning. Abdullah ibn Sa‘ad was brought in front of Muhammad and offered his loyalty, Muhammad upheld his hand to indicate that his followers should kill him, but the Muslims thought he pardoned him.<ref name="Sir. William 1861 131"/> He said "Was not there a wise man among you who would stand up to him when he saw that I had withheld my hand from accepting his allegiance, and kill him?"<ref>{{abudawud|38|4346}}</ref>
On the day of the Conquest of Mecca, Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh accepted Islam again<ref name="Tabari ibn Sarh">Al-Tabari, "History of al-Tabari Vol. 9 - The Last Years of the Prophet", transl. Ismail K. Poonawala, p.148, Albany: State University of New York Press</ref>. A misunderstanding leads to his pardoning. He was brought in front of Muhammad and offered his loyalty, Muhammad upheld his hand to indicate that his followers should kill him, but the Muslims thought he pardoned him.<ref name="Sir. William 1861 131"/> He said "Was not there a wise man among you who would stand up to him when he saw that I had withheld my hand from accepting his allegiance, and kill him?"<ref>{{abudawud|38|4346}}</ref>
|  
|  
*{{abudawud|38|4346}}
*{{abudawud|38|4346}}, {{abudawud|14|2677}}
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 550"/>
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref name="Muhammad p. 550"/>
*Al-Tabari, History Vol.9<ref name="Tabari ibn Sarh"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #E3E3B6;" | 39
! style="background: #E3E3B6;" | 39
| Ibn an-Nawwahah
| '''Ibn an-Nawwahah'''
| Unknown
| Unknown
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |According to Ibn Kathir, Muhammad once said about Ibn an-Nawwahah "I would have cut off your head, if it was not that emissaries are not killed" because he claimed Musaylimah was a Prophet, so Abdullah ibn Masud killed Ibn an-Nawwahah when he was no longer an emissary<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 379">Shaykh Safiur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr, Ṣafī al-Raḥmān Mubārakfūrī, Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 4), Volume 4, p. 379. ([http://www.webcitation.org/619xF7mgV online])</ref><ref name="abudawud 14 2756">{{abudawud|14|2756}}</ref>
| style="background: #FDFF75;" |Ibn Kathir and Sunan Abu Dawud record that Muhammad once said about Ibn an-Nawwahah "I would have cut off your head, if it was not that emissaries are not killed" because he claimed Musaylimah was a Prophet, so Abdullah ibn Masud killed Ibn an-Nawwahah when he was no longer an emissary<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 379">Shaykh Safiur Rahman Al Mubarakpuri, Ismāʻīl ibn ʻUmar Ibn Kathīr, Ṣafī al-Raḥmān Mubārakfūrī, Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 4), Volume 4, p. 379. ([http://www.webcitation.org/619xF7mgV online])</ref><ref name="abudawud 14 2756">{{abudawud|14|2756}}</ref>
|  
|  
Abdullah ibn Masud beheads Ibn an-Nawwahah<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 379"/><ref name="abudawud 14 2756">{{abudawud|14|2756}}</ref>
Abdullah ibn Masud beheads Ibn an-Nawwahah<ref name="Mubarakpuri p. 379"/><ref name="abudawud 14 2756">{{abudawud|14|2756}}</ref>
Line 439: Line 455:
|isbn=978-0791410714|page=107}}</ref>  
|isbn=978-0791410714|page=107}}</ref>  
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #E3E3B6;" | 40
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 40
| Blind Jew
| Unknown
| style="background: #DEFFD4;" |Muhammad's followers kill a blind Jew for throwing dust at his face<ref name="Sita Ram Goel p. 104">Sita Ram Goel, India. High Court (Calcutta, India), The Calcutta Quran petition, ISBN 8185990581, p. 104.</ref><ref name="Tabari 2008 112">{{citation|title=The foundation of the community|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA147|first=Al|last=Tabari |year=2008|publisher=State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=112}}</ref>
|
Blind Jew killed by Sa'd ibn Zayd<ref name="Sita Ram Goel p. 104"/><ref name="Tabari 2008 112"/>
|
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p. 372.</ref>
*Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the community<ref name="Tabari 2008 112"/>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 41
| Nameless spy
| Nameless spy
| Unknown
| Unknown
Line 458: Line 464:
*{{Bukhari|4|52|286}}
*{{Bukhari|4|52|286}}
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 42
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 41
| Man from Aslam tribe
| Man from Aslam tribe
| Unknown
| Unknown
Line 466: Line 472:
|  
|  
*{{Abudawud|38|4414}}
*{{Abudawud|38|4414}}
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 42
| '''Kinana ibn al-Rabi ibn Abu al-Huqayq'''
| July 628<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 755, 763.</ref>
| style="background: #D4F4FF;" |Torture Kinana ibn al-Rabi to find location of allegedly hidden treasure of Banu Nadir<ref name="Mubarakpuri 1996 p. 372">Mubarakpuri (1996), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, p. 372.</ref><ref name="Watt W Montgomery 218">{{cite book|author=Watt, W. Montgomery|title=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=218}} ([http://www.archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref>
|
Kinana ibn al-Rabi ibn Abu al-Huqayq beheaded after being tortured with fire<ref name="Mubarakpuri 1996 p. 372"/><ref name="Watt W Montgomery 218">{{cite book|author=Watt, W. Montgomery|title=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=218}} ([http://www.archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref>
|
*{{abudawud|19|3000}}
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). 1956. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, p.515</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 43
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 43
| Kinana ibn al-Rabi
| '''Bahilah and Banu Khath'am tribes'''
| July 628<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator), The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq's Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 755, 763.</ref>
| 632
| style="background: #D4F4FF;" |Torture Kinana ibn al-Rabi to find location of allegedly hidden treasure<ref name="Mubarakpuri 1996 p. 372">Mubarakpuri (1996), The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet, p. 372.</ref><ref name="Watt W Montgomery 218">{{cite book|author=Watt, W. Montgomery|title=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=218}} ([http://www.archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref>
| style="background: #FDFF75;" | Muhammad sends Jarir ibn-'Abdullah to destroy the Ka'aba of Yemen, Dhu-l-Khalasah, which was the subject of idolatry. Jarir reports back to Muhammad of the destruction and killings, which Muhammad approves.
|  
|  
Kinana ibn al-Rabi beheaded<ref name="Mubarakpuri 1996 p. 372"/><ref name="Watt W Montgomery 218">{{cite book|author=Watt, W. Montgomery|title=[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GfAGAQAAIAAJ Muhammad at Medina]|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1956|isbn=978-0195773071|page=218}} ([http://www.archive.org/details/muhammadatmedina029655mbp free online])</ref>
100 men of the Bahilah, and 200 of banu-Khath'am were killed in order to destroy the idol of Dur l-Khalasa<ref name="Hisham ibn al kalbi">Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham (1952). The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām. Princeton University Press. pp. 31–2</ref>
|  
|  
*Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah<ref>Ibn Hisham, Ibn Ishaq, Alfred Guillaume (translator). 1956. The life of Muhammad: a translation of Isḥāq’s Sīrat rasūl Allāh, pp. 145-146.</ref>
*{{Bukhari|5|59|641}}, {{Bukhari|4|52|262}}, {{Bukhari|4|52|310}}
*Hisham ibn al Kalbi, [https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ The Book of Idols]<ref name="Hisham ibn al kalbi"/>
|}<BR><BR>
|}<BR><BR>


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[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Jihad and Terrorism]]
[[Category:Jihad and Terrorism]]
[[bg:Списък с убийствата, заповядани или подкрепени от Мухаммад]]

Revision as of 17:52, 28 October 2018

The use of assassination to achieve political/religious goals has been important throughout the history of Arabia and Islamic expansion, and the very word "assassin"[1] has Arabic roots (حشّاشين).

This list contains the results and reasons for the targeted killings and assassinations ordered or supported by Prophet Muhammad, as well as the primary sources which mention these incidents.

List of Killings

The following list of killings is roughly in chronological order.


      Ordered by Muhammad       Supported but not ordered by Muhammad       Women and/or children       Apostates
      Reasons including writing or reciting poetry       Reasons including "causing offence"       Reasons including monetary gain       Reasons including preventing idolatry or rival prophets


Names in bold indicate that the only reason why the sources indicate Muhammad wanted them to be killed or threatened with death was because they had mocked, insulted, or cast doubt on him, or to extort economic gain, or to destroy idolatry or rival prophets. All others may have been killed for additional reasons such as posing or inciting a physical threat, or deserved punishment for murder or harming people, as indicated in the Reasons column.

No. Name Date Reason(s) for Ordering or Supporting Killing Result Notable Primary Sources
1 'Asma' bint Marwan January 624[2] Kill 'Asma' bint Marwan for opposing Muhammad with poetry and for provoking others to attack him[3][4][2]

Asma' bint Marwan assassinated[2][5]

  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[6]
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[3]
2 Abu 'Afak February 624[7] Kill the Jewish poet Abu Afak for opposing Muhammad through poetry[4][6][7][8], and according to ibn Sa'd, instigating the people against Muhammad[9]

Abu Afak assassinated[7][6][4]

  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[6]
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[9]
3 Al Nadr ibn al-Harith After Battle of Badr
March 624[10]
According to Mubarakpuri, Al Nadir was captured during the Battle of Badr. A Qur'an verse was revealed about Nadr bin Harith for mocking the Qur'an as "tales of the ancients". He was one of two prisoners who were executed and not allowed to be ransomed by their clans because he mocked and harassed Muhammad and wrote poems and stories criticizing him[10][11]. According to Waqidi, he also tortured companions of Muhammad[12]

Nadr bin Harith beheaded by Ali[10][11]

4 Uqba bin Abu Muayt After Battle of Badr
March 624[10]
Uqba bin Abu Muayt was captured in the Battle of Badr and was killed instead of being ransomed, because he threw dead animal entrails on Muhammad, and wrapped his garmet around Muhammad's neck while he was praying[10][11]

Uqba bin Abu Muayt beheaded by Asim ibn Thabbit or Ali[10][11]

5 Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf September 624[16][17][18] According to Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad ordered his followers to kill Ka'b because he "had gone to Mecca after Badr and "inveighed" against Muhammad and composed verses in which he bewailed the victims of Quraysh who had been killed at Badr. Shortly afterwards he returned to Medina and composed amatory verses of an insulting nature about the Muslim women".[19][20][21]. Ibn Kathir adds that he incited the people to fight Muhammad.

Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf assassinated[21]

6 Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq December 624[23] Kill Abu Rafi' ibn Abi Al-Huqaiq for mocking Muhammad with his poetry and for helping the troops of the Confederates by providing them with money and supplies[24][23]

Abu Rafi assassinated[24][23]

7 Khalid ibn Sufyan 625[28] Kill Khalid bin Sufyan, because there were reports he considered an attack on Medina and that he was inciting the people on Nakhla or Uranah to fight Muslims[28][29]

Khalid ibn Sufyan assassinated[28][29]

8 Abu 'Azzah 'Amr bin 'Abd Allah al-Jumahi March 625[33] Behead Abu 'Azzah 'Amr bin 'Abd Allah al-Jumahi because he was a prisoner of War captured during the Invasion of Hamra al-Asad, that Muhammad released once, but he took up arms against him again[34][35]

Abu 'Azzah beheaded by Ali[34][35]

  • Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the community[35]
9 Muawiyah bin Al Mugheerah March 625[33] Kill Muawiyah bin Al Mugheerah, because he was accused by Muhammad of being a spy. He went to Uthman (his cousin) for shelter, and Uthman arranged for his return to Mecca, but he stayed too long in Medina. After Muhammad heard he was still in Medina, he ordered his death[34][36]

Muawiyah bin Al Mugheerah captured and executed[34][37]

  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[37]
10 Al-Harith bin Suwayd al-Ansari March 625[33] Kill Al-Harith bin Suwayd[38] because according to some Islamic traditions, Allah revealed Qur'an 3:86-8, which indicated that those who reject Islam after accepting it should be punished.[39] Al-Harith bin Suwayd was a Muslim who fought in the Battle of Uhud and killed some Muslims, he then joined the Quraysh and left Islam. After being threatened with those verses, Al-Harith sent his brother to Muhammad to ask for his forgiveness.[37][40][41]

Conflicting reports

  1. Muhammad allowed his return but then decided to kill him. Al-Harith was beheaded by Uthman[37][40]
  2. Allah revealed Qur'an 3:89 and Al-Harith repented and "became a good Muslim"[41][39]
11 Abu Sufyan 627[42] Amr bin Umayyah al-Damri sent to assassinate Abu Sufyan (Quraysh leader)[43][43]

3 polytheists killed by Muslims[43]

  • Tabari, Volume 7, The foundation of the community[44]
12 Banu Qurayza tribe February–March 627[45]

Attack Banu Qurayza because according to Muslim tradition he had been ordered to do so by the angel Gabriel.[46][47][48][49][50][51] One of Muhammad's companions decided that "the men should be killed, the property divided, and the women and children taken as captives". Muhammad approved of the ruling, calling it similar to God's judgment,[49][50][52][53][54] after which all male members of the tribe who had reached puberty were beheaded[47][55]

Muslims: 2 killed[46]
Non-Muslims:

  1. 600-900 beheaded (Tabari, Ibn Hisham)
    [46][47][56]
  2. All Males and 1 woman beheaded
    (Hadith)[57][58]
13 Abdullah ibn Ubayy December 627[42]
(during Invasion of Banu Mustaliq[62] )
Kill Abdullah ibn Ubayy, to whom verse 63:8 refers, and who was accused by Muhammad of slandering his family by spreading false rumors about Aisha (his wife).[63] His son offered to behead him[64][65]

Muhammad calls off assassination and says to Umar "if I had had him (Abdullah bin Ubai) killed, a large number of dignitaries would have furiously hastened to fight for him"[66] Later he reveals a Quran verse forbidding Muslims from attending the funeral of disbelievers and "hypocrites"[67][68]

14 Al-Yusayr ibn Rizam February 628[42] Kill Al-Yusayr ibn Rizam because Muhammad heard that his group was preparing to attack him[69][70]

30 killed by Muslims[69][70]

  • Tirmidhi no. 3923[71]
  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[72]
15 Eight men from 'Ukil February 628[42] Kill 8 men who came to him and converted to Islam, but then apostatized, killed one Muslim and drove off with Muhammad's camels[73]

Muslims: 1 killed
Non-Muslims: 8 tortured to death[73][74]

16 Rifa’ah bin Qays 629[76][77] To kill Rifa’ah bin Qays, because Muhammad heard they were allegedly enticing the people of Qais to fight him[77]

1 beheaded,[78] 4 women captured by Muslims[79]

  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[78]
  • Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam[79]
17 Abdullah bin Khatal During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80][81][82]
Kill Abdullah bin Khatal for killing a slave and fleeing, as well and for reciting poems insulting Muhammad[80][81][82]

2 Muslims execute him, after finding him hiding under the curtains of the Ka'aba[80][81][82]

18 Fartana During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80][85]
Kill Fartana (a slave girl of Abdullah ibn Khatal), because she used to sing satirical songs about Muhammad[80][82]

Fartana is killed[80][82][85]

19 Quraybah During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80]
Kill Quraybah (a slave girl of Abdullah ibn Khatal), because she used to sing satirical songs about Muhammad[80]

Quraybah converts to Islam and is pardoned[80][84]

20 Huwayrith ibn Nafidh During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80]
When Muhammad's daughters were fleeing Medina, he stabbed their camels, causing injuries. He was a poet who "disgraced and abused" Islam[80][82][88]

Huwayrith ibn Nafidh killed[82][88] by Ali[80]

  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[83]
21 Miqyas ibn Subabah During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80]
Miqyas killed a Muslim who accidentally killed his brother, and escaped to Mecca and became an apostate by embracing polytheism[80][82][83][88]

Miqyas killed[80][82][88]

  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[83]
22 Sara During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80]
Ibn Ishaq says Muhammad ordered Sara be killed because she "had insulted him in Mecca"[83][80]

Conflicting reports:

  1. Ibn Ishaq reports that she embraced Islam but was killed later, during the time of Umar[83]
  2. Tabari reports she was killed[89]
  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[83]
  • Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam[89]
23 Harith ibn Hisham During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80]
Kill Harith ibn Hisham, reason unknown[80][83], though he was among those who fought against the Muslims in the battle of Uhud[90]>

According to Ibn Sa'd, Zubayr ibn Abi Umayyah and Harith ibn Hisham both sought refuge in a Muslim relatives house, the relative pleaded with Muhammad for mercy, so he pardoned them on the condition they embrace Islam[80][91]

  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[83]
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[91]
24 Zubayr ibn Abi Umayyah During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80]
Kill Zubayr ibn Abi Umayyah, reason unknown[80][83]

See above result[80][83]

  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[83]
25 al-Aswad al-Ansi During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80]
Muhammad sent a messenger to Yemen instructing that al-Aswad al-Ansi (not to be confused with Habbar al-Aswad) should be killed because he was a "false prophet"[92] and a "liar"[93]. Al-Baladhuri reports that al-Aswad was a false prophet and refused Muhammad's invitation to accept Islam.[94]

Tabari reports that al-Aswad al-Ansi was killed the day before Muhammad's own death after he sent a messenger to persuade the local al-Abna' people to kill him[92][93] Al Baladhuri adds further detail that Muhammad chose this plan because the al-Abna' already had grievances against al-Aswad.[94]

26 Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahl During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80]
Kill Ikrimah ibn Abu Jahl, bcause he was hostile to Muhammad like his father Abu Jahl[80][83]

Conflicting reports

  1. Ibn Ishaq says, his wife "became a Muslim and asked for immunity for him and the apostle gave it"[83]
  2. Tabari says he was "eliminated"[95]
  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[83]
  • Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam[95]
27 Wahshi ibn Harb During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80]
Kill Wahshi ibn Harb, for killing Muhammad's uncle during the Battle of Uhud[80]

Wahshi ibn Harb pardoned by Muhammad after he asks for forgiveness and offers to convert to Islam[80][96]

  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2[96]
28 Ka'b ibn Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulama After Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80]
Assassinate Ka'b ibn Zuhayr ibn Abi Sulama for writing satirical poems about Muhammad[80][97][98]. One of his poems recorded by Ibn Ishaq includes the line, "I was told that the Messenger of Allah threatened me (with death), but with the Messenger of Allah I have hope of finding pardon"[99].

Ibn Ishaq wrote that when one of the Ansar asked permission to behead Ka'b, "the apostle told him to let him alone because he had come repentant breaking from his past", so he was pardoned[99][98]

  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[99]
29 Al-Harith bin al-Talatil During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80]
For mocking Muhammad through poetry[80]

Al-Harith bin al-Talatil is killed by Ali[80][100]

  • Ibn Kathir's Sira al-Nabawiyya[100]
30 Abdullah ibn Ziba'ra During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80]
Kill Abdullah ibn Ziba'ra, for writing insulting poems about Muhammad[80]

Ibn Hisham reports that Abdullah ibn Ziba'ra repented and converted to Islam, so Muhammad pardoned him[80][101] and that he had fled because "the apostle had killed some of the men in Mecca who had satirized and insulted him".[102]

  • Al-Waqidi's Kitab al-Maghazi[103]
  • Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir[104]
  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[102]
31 Hubayrah During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80]
Kill Hubayrah (cousin of al Ziba'ra), for mocking Muhammad through poetry[80]

Tabari Volume 39 states, Hubayrah "ran away when Mecca was conquered, and died in Najran as an infidel"[80]. Ibn Ishaq reports that he fled because "the apostle had killed some of the men in Mecca who had satirized and insulted him".[102]

  • Tabari, Volume 39, Biographies of the Prophet's companions and their successors[105]
  • Al-Waqidi's Kitab al-Maghazi[103]
  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[102]
32 Hind bint Utbah During/after Conquest of Mecca
(Jan 630)[80]
Kill Hind bint Utbah (wife of Abu Sufyan) for cutting out the heart of Muhammad's uncle Hamza after he died, during the Battle of Uhud[80]

Tabari said, Hind "swore allegiance and became a Muslim.",[106] she was pardoned by Muhammad[80]

33 Amr ibn Jihash (convert to Islam)[107] During the Invasion of Banu Nadir[107]
(Aug 625)[108]
According to Ibn Kathir and Ibn Ishaq, Muhammad said to Yamin bim Umayr, about Amr ibn Jash "Have you seen the way your cousin has treated me and what he proposed to do?"[109][107] Muhammad accused him of trying to assassinate him[110]

Amr ibn Jihash is assassinated after a Muslim offers a reward for his killing[107]

  • Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah[109]
34 King or Prince of Dumatul Jandal October 630[111] Attack the chief of Duma for Jizyah and booty[112][113]

1 killed, 2 taken captive. The Chief of Duma was released unharmed.[114]

35 Umaiya bin Khalaf Abi Safwan Unknown Kill Umaiya bin Khalaf, Muhammad's reason is unknown.[116] But Bilal wanted to kill him for torturing him[117]

Umaiya bin Khalaf killed by Bilal[116][117]

36 Blind man's wife/concubine Unknown Killed by a Muslim on his own initiative because the woman insulted Muhammad. When Muhammad learned what had happened he said no retaliation is payable for her blood.[118][119]

Blind Muslim kills his wife/concubine[118][119]

37 Ibn Sunayna Unknown Muhammad reportedly ordered his followers to "kill any Jew that falls into your power", Muhayissa heard this and went out to kill Ibn Sunayna (a Jew)[120][121]

Ibn Sunayna killed by Muhayissa[120][121]

38 Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh During/after Conquest of Mecca[80]

(Jan 630)[

Kill Abdallah ibn Sa‘ad, because he became and apostate (left Islam) and fled to Mecca. He also claimed that he was the one who wrote certain verses of the Qur'an and started to mock Muhammad, which made him angry[123]

On the day of the Conquest of Mecca, Abdallah ibn Sa'd ibn Abi Sarh accepted Islam again[124]. A misunderstanding leads to his pardoning. He was brought in front of Muhammad and offered his loyalty, Muhammad upheld his hand to indicate that his followers should kill him, but the Muslims thought he pardoned him.[123] He said "Was not there a wise man among you who would stand up to him when he saw that I had withheld my hand from accepting his allegiance, and kill him?"[125]

39 Ibn an-Nawwahah Unknown Ibn Kathir and Sunan Abu Dawud record that Muhammad once said about Ibn an-Nawwahah "I would have cut off your head, if it was not that emissaries are not killed" because he claimed Musaylimah was a Prophet, so Abdullah ibn Masud killed Ibn an-Nawwahah when he was no longer an emissary[126][127]

Abdullah ibn Masud beheads Ibn an-Nawwahah[126][127]

40 Nameless spy Unknown Kill a man Muhammad suspected of being a spy[129][130]

Salama bin Al-Akwa chases and kills the suspected spy[129][130]

41 Man from Aslam tribe Unknown Kill a man from the Aslam tribe for Adultery[131][132]

Man from Aslam tribe stoned to death[131][132]

42 Kinana ibn al-Rabi ibn Abu al-Huqayq July 628[133] Torture Kinana ibn al-Rabi to find location of allegedly hidden treasure of Banu Nadir[134][135]

Kinana ibn al-Rabi ibn Abu al-Huqayq beheaded after being tortured with fire[134][135]

43 Bahilah and Banu Khath'am tribes 632 Muhammad sends Jarir ibn-'Abdullah to destroy the Ka'aba of Yemen, Dhu-l-Khalasah, which was the subject of idolatry. Jarir reports back to Muhammad of the destruction and killings, which Muhammad approves.

100 men of the Bahilah, and 200 of banu-Khath'am were killed in order to destroy the idol of Dur l-Khalasa[137]



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References

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