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'''Daleel''' (دليل, pl. ''adillah'') is an Arabic word meaning evidence or proof, and in the terminology of [[Islamic jurisprudence]], the word refers to anything that is used to deduce and justify a ruling or [[fatwa]] from the [[Shariah]], or [[Islamic Law]]. While there exist numerous specific types of daleels arranged in a hierarchy, as understood variously by the different schools of Islamic law, all generally agree today that among the most important daleels are, in order, the [[Qur'an]], [[Hadith]], Ijma (consensus of Islamic scholars or [[Muhammad]]'s [[companions]]), and some form of Qiyas (analogical reasoning). | '''Daleel''' (دليل, pl. ''adillah'') is an Arabic word meaning evidence or proof, and in the terminology of [[Islamic jurisprudence]], the word refers to anything that is used to deduce and justify a ruling or [[fatwa]] from the [[Shari'ah (Islamic Law)|Shariah]], or [[Islamic Law]]. While there exist numerous specific types of daleels arranged in a hierarchy, as understood variously by the different schools of Islamic law, all generally agree today that among the most important daleels are, in order, the [[Qur'an]], [[Hadith]], Ijma (consensus of Islamic scholars or [[Muhammad]]'s [[companions]]), and some form of Qiyas (analogical reasoning). | ||
In a more literal sense, daleel is also used to refer to empirical realities that are relevant to an Islamic ruling. If, for instance, a judge needs to establish whether or not a contract was made, then the judge might require evidence, or a daleel, for the establishment of this fact, such as witnesses to the contract or a document.<ref>www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e481</ref> | In a more literal sense, daleel is also used to refer to empirical realities that are relevant to an Islamic ruling. If, for instance, a judge needs to establish whether or not a contract was made, then the judge might require evidence, or a daleel, for the establishment of this fact, such as witnesses to the contract or a document.<ref>www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e481</ref> | ||
==Qur'an== | ==Qur'an== | ||
The Qur'an is the primary point of reference in deriving Islamic law, as it is considered maximally authoritative, being the exact words of God, and is held to be better, and indeed perfectly, preserved relative to the hadith. And while a critical look seems to suggest that [[Corruption of Previous Scriptures|the Qur'an likely changed quite a bit]] before being standardized after the prophet's death, none would disagree that the Qur'an is ultimately a more reliable and historical document than the hadith, which were written roughly 200 years later. | {{Main|Qur'an}}The Qur'an is the primary point of reference in deriving Islamic law, as it is considered maximally authoritative, being the exact words of God, and is held to be better, and indeed perfectly, preserved relative to the hadith. And while a critical look seems to suggest that [[Corruption of Previous Scriptures|the Qur'an likely changed quite a bit]] before being standardized after the prophet's death, none would disagree that the Qur'an is ultimately a more reliable and historical document than the hadith, which were written roughly 200 years later. | ||
==Hadith== | ==Hadith== | ||
{{Main|Hadith}} | |||
Islamic hadiths (narrations concerning the actions and orders of [[Muhammad]]) can either be Maudu (fabricated), Da`if (weak), Hasan (good), or [[Sahih]] (authentic). | Islamic hadiths (narrations concerning the actions and orders of [[Muhammad]]) can either be Maudu (fabricated), Da`if (weak), Hasan (good), or [[Sahih]] (authentic). | ||
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The following are examples of weak or fabricated hadith. | The following are examples of weak or fabricated hadith. | ||
*[[Lesser | *[[Lesser and Greater Jihad|The "lesser and greater jihad" hadith]] | ||
This originated from the 11<sup>th</sup> century book, The History of Baghdad, by the Islamic scholar al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, and some contemporary Islamic scholars have concluded that it is not only weak, but fabricated.<ref>Imam Abdullah Azzam - [http://www.religioscope.com/info/doc/jihad/azzam_caravan_6_conclusion.htm JOIN THE CARAVAN] - ReligionScope</ref> | This originated from the 11<sup>th</sup> century book, The History of Baghdad, by the Islamic scholar al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, and some contemporary Islamic scholars have concluded that it is not only weak, but fabricated.<ref>Imam Abdullah Azzam - [http://www.religioscope.com/info/doc/jihad/azzam_caravan_6_conclusion.htm JOIN THE CARAVAN] - ReligionScope</ref> | ||
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{{Hub4|Islamic Law|Islamic Law}} | {{Hub4|Islamic Law|Islamic Law}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:Hadith]] | [[Category:Hadith]] | ||
[[Category:Qur'an]] | |||
[[Category:Fiqh (legal theory)]] | |||