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{{Quote|{{Quran|16|75}}|Allah sets forth the Parable (of two men: one) a slave under the dominion of another; He has no power of any sort; and (the other) a man on whom We have bestowed goodly favors from Ourselves, and he spends thereof (freely), privately and publicly: are the two equal? (By no means;) praise be to Allah. But most of them understand not.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|16|75}}|Allah sets forth the Parable (of two men: one) a slave under the dominion of another; He has no power of any sort; and (the other) a man on whom We have bestowed goodly favors from Ourselves, and he spends thereof (freely), privately and publicly: are the two equal? (By no means;) praise be to Allah. But most of them understand not.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|30|28}}|He gives you this example, drawn from your own lives: do you make your slaves full partners with an equal share in what We have given you? Do you fear them as you fear each other? This is how We make Our messages clear to those who use their reason.}}We see the natural division of slaves as a separate category to freemen (similar to how men and women are different) in retribution for intentional homicide, with the option of blood money to avoid death as retribution - in traditional Islamic scripture with the amount of money for a slave being worth their cost, and less than a freeman.<ref>E.g. Imam Malik's Muwatta [https://ahadith.co.uk/chapter.php?cid=93&page=1&rows=200 Chapter: 43, Blood Money] </ref>
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|178-179}}|O you who have faith! Retribution is prescribed for you regarding the slain: <b>freeman for freeman, slave for slave,</b> and female for female. But if one is granted any extenuation by his brother, let the follow up [for the blood-money] be honourable, and let the payment to him be with kindness. That is a remission from your Lord and a mercy; and should anyone transgress after that, there shall be a painful punishment for him. There is life for you in retribution, O you who possess intellects! Maybe you will be Godwary!}}


==Taking war captives==
==Taking war captives==
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==Slave masters determine whether their slaves may marry==
==Slave masters determine whether their slaves may marry==


{{Quote|{{Quran|24|32}}|And marry such of you as are solitary and the pious of your slaves and maid-servants. If they be poor, Allah will enrich them of His bounty. Allah is of ample means, Aware.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|24|32}}|And marry the unmarried among you and the righteous among your male slaves and female slaves. If they should be poor, Allah will enrich them from His bounty, and Allah is all-Encompassing and Knowing.}}


==Permission to marry slaves who already have husbands==
==Permission to marry slaves who already have husbands==
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==Be good to your slaves==
==Be good to your slaves==
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|36}}|Worship Allah and associate nothing with Him, and to parents do good, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side, the traveler, '''and those whom your right hands possess'''. Indeed, Allah does not like those who are self-deluding and boastful.}}
{{Quote|{{Quran|4|36}}|Worship Allah and associate nothing with Him, and to parents do good, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, the near neighbor, the neighbor farther away, the companion at your side, the traveler, '''and those whom your right hands possess'''. Indeed, Allah does not like those who are self-deluding and boastful.}}
== Slaves are unequal to non-slaves ==
{{Quote|{{Quran|30|28}}|He gives you this example, drawn from your own lives: do you make your slaves full partners with an equal share in what We have given you? Do you fear them as you fear each other? This is how We make Our messages clear to those who use their reason.}}


=Hadiths=
=Hadiths=
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==Permission to Rape Captives and Slaves==
==Permission to Rape Captives and Slaves==
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Rape}}
{{Main|Qur'an, Hadith and Scholars:Rape}}Many more hadith on this subject are quoted in the main article.{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3432}}|Abu Sa'id al-Khudri reported that at the Battle of Hunain Allah's Messenger sent an army to Autas and encountered the enemy and fought with them. Having overcome them and taken them captives, the Companions of Allah's Messenger seemed to refrain from having intercourse with captive women because of their husbands being polytheists. Then Allah, Most High, sent down regarding that:" And women already married, except those whom your right hands possess (Quran 4:. 24)" (i. e. they were lawful for them when their 'Idda period came to an end).}}
 
{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3432}}|Abu Sa'id al-Khudri reported that at the Battle of Hunain Allah's Messenger sent an army to Autas and encountered the enemy and fought with them. Having overcome them and taken them captives, the Companions of Allah's Messenger seemed to refrain from having intercourse with captive women because of their husbands being polytheists. Then Allah, Most High, sent down regarding that:" And women already married, except those whom your right hands possess (Quran 4:. 24)" (i. e. they were lawful for them when their 'Idda period came to an end).}}


{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3383}}|Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and said: I have a slave-girl who is our servant and she carries water for us and I have intercourse with her, but I do not want her to conceive. He said: Practise 'azl, if you so like, but what is decreed for her will come to her. The person stayed back (for some time) and then came and said: The girl has become pregnant, whereupon he said: I told you what was decreed for her would come to her.}}
{{Quote|{{Muslim|8|3383}}|Jabir (Allah be pleased with him) reported that a man came to Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) and said: I have a slave-girl who is our servant and she carries water for us and I have intercourse with her, but I do not want her to conceive. He said: Practise 'azl, if you so like, but what is decreed for her will come to her. The person stayed back (for some time) and then came and said: The girl has become pregnant, whereupon he said: I told you what was decreed for her would come to her.}}{{Quote|{{Bukhari|5|59|637}}|Narrated Buraida: The Prophet (ﷺ) sent `Ali to Khalid to bring the Khumus (of the booty) and I hated `Ali, and `Ali had taken a bath (after a sexual act with a slave-girl from the Khumus). I said to Khalid, "Don't you see this (i.e. `Ali)?" When we reached the Prophet (ﷺ) I mentioned that to him. He said, "O Buraida! Do you hate `Ali?" I said, "Yes." He said, "Do you hate him, for he deserves more than that from the Khumlus."}}


==Muhammad's enjoyment of slave services==
==Muhammad's enjoyment of slave services==
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===The Slaves' Names===
===The Slaves' Names===


{{Quote|Zad al-Ma'ad, pp. 114-116|"These are the names of Muhammad's male slaves: Yakan Abu Sharh, Aflah, 'Ubayd, Dhakwan, Tahman, Mirwan, Hunayn, Sanad, Fadala Yamamin, Anjasha al-Hadi, Mad'am, Karkara, Abu Rafi', Thawban, Ab Kabsha, Salih, Rabah, Yara Nubyan, Fadila, Waqid, Mabur, Abu Waqid, Kasam, Abu 'Ayb, Abu Muwayhiba, Zayd Ibn Haritha, and also a black slave called Mahran, who was re-named (by Muhammad) Safina (`ship')."<ref name="Zad al-Ma'ad">Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Zad al-Ma'ad, Part 1, pp. 114-116</ref>}}
{{Quote|Zad al Ma'ad by Ibn Qayyim pp. 114-16, [https://archive.org/details/ProvisionsOfTheAfterlife/page/30/mode/1 Translation Ismail Abdus Salaam pp. 30-31]|Aboo 'Ubayda has said: his female slaves were four: Maariya who conceived Ibraaheem, Rayhaana, Jameela, and a slave whome he received from Zaynab Bint Jahsh.
Salma, Umm Raafi', Mayboona, Khadira, Radwa, Razeena, Umm Dameera, and Maymoona Bint Abee 'Usayyib were also his slaves.}}


{{Quote|Zad al-Ma'ad, pp. 114-116|Muhammad's Maid Slaves "are Salma Um Rafi', Maymuna daughter of Abu Asib, Maymuna daughter of Sa'd, Khadra, Radwa, Razina, Um Damira, Rayhana, Mary the Coptic, in addition to two other maid-slaves, one of them given to him as a present by his cousin, Zaynab, and the other one captured in a war."<ref name="Zad al-Ma'ad"></ref>}}
{{Quote|Zad al Ma'ad by Ibn Qayyim pp. 114-16, [https://archive.org/details/ProvisionsOfTheAfterlife/page/30/mode/1 Translation Ismail Abdus Salaam pp. 30-31]|Zayd Bin Haaritha was his male slave whom he emancipated and married to Umm Ayman who gave birth to Usaama. Aslam, Aboo Raafi', Thawbaan, Saleem, Saalih, Rabaah, Yasaar, Mud'im, and Karkara were his slaves, and Mud'im and Karkara were slain at Khaybar, and Allaah knows best.
Anjasha and Mihraan whom the messenger of Allaah (may Allaah send salutations upon him) named Safeena were his slaves, and the messenger of Allaah (may Allaah send salutations upon him) emancipated him according to Aboo Haatim.
Aboo Mashrah, Aflah, 'Ubayd, Keesaan, Dhakwaan, Mihraan, Mirwaan, Hunayn, Sandar, Fudaala, Maaboor, Waaqid, Aboo Waaqid, Qassaam, Aboo 'Usayyib and Muwayhiba were also his slaves.}}


===Muhammad Bought More Slaves Than he Sold===
===Muhammad Bought More Slaves Than he Sold===


{{Quote|Zad al-Ma'ad, p. 160|"Mohammed had many male and female slaves. He used to buy and sell them, but he purchased more slaves than he sold, especially after God empowered him by His message, as well as after his immigration from Mecca. He once sold one black slave for two. His name was Jacob al-Mudbir. His purchases of slaves were more than he sold. He was used to renting out and hiring many slaves, but he hired more slaves than he rented out."<ref>Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, Zad al-Ma'ad, Part 1, p. 160</ref>}}
{{Quote|Zad al Ma'ad by Ibn Qayyim p. 160, [https://archive.org/details/ProvisionsOfTheAfterlife/page/43/mode/1 Translation Ismail Abdus Salaam p. 43]|
He bought more than he sold once Allaah Honored him with his message and he engaged in hire, though he was most often a provider. However, it has been recorded that he sold one slave for two slaves and that he offered himself to Khadeeja as a merchant.}}
 
===Origins of Safina's Nickname (Mahran, "The Ship")===


===Origins of Mahran's (The "Ship"'s) Nickname===
Safina was a slave of Muhammad or his wife Umm Salama, who emancipated him.


{{Quote||"The apostle of God and his companions went on a trip. (When) their belongings became too heavy for them to carry, Muhammad told me, `Spread your garment.' They filled it with their belongings, then they put it on me. The apostle of God told me, `Carry (it), for you are a ship.' Even if I was carrying the load of six or seven donkeys while we were on a journey, anyone who felt weak would throw his clothes or his shield or his sword on me so I would carry that, a heavy load. The prophet told me, `You are a ship"' <ref>Ibn Qayyim, Pages 115-116; al-Hulya, Volume 1, Page 369, quoted from Ahmad 5:222</ref>}}
{{Quote|Hulyat al-Awliyā' , Vol. 1, p. 369 by  Abu Nu'aym al-Asbahani; Also Musnad Ahmad Vol. 35, pp. 256, number 21928|"The apostle of God and his companions went on a trip. (When) their belongings became too heavy for them to carry, Muhammad told me, `Spread your garment.' They filled it with their belongings, then they put it on me. The apostle of God told me, `Carry (it), for you are a ship.' Even if I was carrying the load of six or seven donkeys while we were on a journey, anyone who felt weak would throw his clothes or his shield or his sword on me so I would carry that, a heavy load. The prophet told me, `You are a ship"'}}


===Hadiths Referring to Muhammad's Slaves===
===Hadiths Referring to Muhammad's Slaves===
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