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The Massacre of the Banu Qurayzah: Difference between revisions
The Massacre of the Banu Qurayzah (view source)
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The famed [[mufassir|tafsir]] ibn Kathir, drawing upon his own sources as well as many other classical commentators, in his commentary on sura 33 Al-Ahzab الأحزاب or the confederates reaffirms many of the pertitent details from the sira narrative. In particular, ibn Kathir reads into the Quran's denouncement of the people of the book the perfidious Jews of the tribe of Banu Qurayza and their betrayal of the prophet: | The famed [[mufassir|tafsir]] ibn Kathir, drawing upon his own sources as well as many other classical commentators, in his commentary on sura 33 Al-Ahzab الأحزاب or the confederates reaffirms many of the pertitent details from the sira narrative. In particular, ibn Kathir reads into the Quran's denouncement of the people of the book the perfidious Jews of the tribe of Banu Qurayza and their betrayal of the prophet: | ||
{{Quote|Tafsir of ibn Kathir Qur'an Surah 33 | {{Quote|Tafsir of ibn Kathir Qur'an Surah 33 | ||
|وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَأَنزلَ الَّذِينَ ظَاهَرُوهُمْ﴾ أَيْ: عَاوَنُوا الْأَحْزَابَ وَسَاعَدُوهُمْ عَلَى حَرْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ﴿مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ﴾ يَعْنِي: بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ، مِنْ بَعْضِ أَسْبَاطِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، كَانَ قَدْ نَزَلَ آبَاؤُهُمُ الْحِجَازَ قَدِيمًا، طَمَعًا فِي اتِّبَاعِ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ، ﴿فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ مَا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِه﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ٨٩] ، فَعَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ. | |وَلِهَذَا قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَأَنزلَ الَّذِينَ ظَاهَرُوهُمْ﴾ أَيْ: عَاوَنُوا الْأَحْزَابَ وَسَاعَدُوهُمْ عَلَى حَرْبِ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ ﴿مِنْ أَهْلِ الْكِتَابِ﴾ يَعْنِي: بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ، مِنْ بَعْضِ أَسْبَاطِ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ، كَانَ قَدْ نَزَلَ آبَاؤُهُمُ الْحِجَازَ قَدِيمًا، طَمَعًا فِي اتِّبَاعِ النَّبِيَّ الْأُمِّيَّ الذِي يَجِدُونَهُ مَكْتُوبًا عِنْدَهُمْ فِي التَّوْرَاةِ وَالْإِنْجِيلِ، ﴿فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ مَا عَرَفُوا كَفَرُوا بِه﴾ [الْبَقَرَةِ: ٨٩] ، فَعَلَيْهِمْ لَعْنَةُ اللَّهِ. | ||
For thus the most-High said "Those how had backed them (the confederates) came down" meaning: they assisted the confederates and helped them to make war on the Apostle of God (sala allah 'aleyhi wasallam). "From the people of | For thus the most-High said "Those how had backed them (the confederates) came down" meaning: they assisted the confederates and helped them to make war on the Apostle of God (sala allah 'aleyhi wasallam). "From the people of | ||
the book" | the book" that is to say the Banu Qurayzah of the Jews, descendants of the sons of Israel, who had come down to the Hijaz in olden times, doing so (aiding the Meccans) greedily against the followers of the illiterate prophet (Muhammad) whom they found written about in the Torah and the Gospel "when he came to them they did not know him and disbelieved in him" (surah al-baqarah 89) }} | ||
He refers here to [[Surah]] 33: | He refers here to [[Surah]] 33: | ||
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ibn Kathir confirms that it was the angels themselves who implored Muhammad not to stop fighting: | ibn Kathir confirms that it was the angels themselves who implored Muhammad not to stop fighting: | ||
{{Quote|Tafisr of ibn Kathir on Qur'an Surah 33 | {{Quote|Tafisr of ibn Kathir on Qur'an Surah 33|2=وَرَجَعَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ إِلَى الْمَدِينَةِ مُؤَيَّدًا مَنْصُورًا، وَوَضَعَ النَّاسُ السِّلَاحَ. فَبَيْنَمَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَغْتَسِلُ(٤) مِنْ وَعْثَاءِ تِلْكَ الْمُرَابَطَةِ فِي بَيْتِ أُمِّ سَلَمَةَ | ||
إِذْ تَبَدَّى لَهُ جِبْرِيلُ مُعْتَجِرًا بِعِمَامَةٍ مِنْ إِسْتَبْرَقٍ، عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ عَلَيْهَا قَطِيفَةٌ [مِنْ](٥) دِيبَاجٍ، فَقَالَ: أوضَعت السِّلَاحَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: "نَعَمْ". قَالَ: لَكِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ لَمْ تَضَعْ أَسْلِحَتَهَا، وَهَذَا الْآنَ رُجُوعِي مِنْ طَلَبِ الْقَوْمِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تَنْهَضَ إِلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ: عذيرَك مِنْ مُقَاتِلٍ، أَوَضَعْتُمُ السِّلَاحَ؟ قَالَ: "نَعَمْ". قَالَ: لَكِنَّا لَمْ نَضَعْ أَسْلِحَتَنَا بَعْدُ، انْهَضْ إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ. قَالَ: "أَيْنَ؟ ". قَالَ: بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُزَلْزِلَ عَلَيْهِمْ. فَنَهَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ فَوْرِهِ، وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِالْمَسِيرِ إِلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، وَكَانَتْ عَلَى أَمْيَالٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ، وَقَالَ: "لَا يُصَلِّيَنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمُ الْعَصْرَ إِلَّا فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ". | إِذْ تَبَدَّى لَهُ جِبْرِيلُ مُعْتَجِرًا بِعِمَامَةٍ مِنْ إِسْتَبْرَقٍ، عَلَى بَغْلَةٍ عَلَيْهَا قَطِيفَةٌ [مِنْ](٥) دِيبَاجٍ، فَقَالَ: أوضَعت السِّلَاحَ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ؟ قَالَ: "نَعَمْ". قَالَ: لَكِنَّ الْمَلَائِكَةَ لَمْ تَضَعْ أَسْلِحَتَهَا، وَهَذَا الْآنَ رُجُوعِي مِنْ طَلَبِ الْقَوْمِ. ثُمَّ قَالَ: إِنَّ اللَّهَ يَأْمُرُكَ أَنْ تَنْهَضَ إِلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ. وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ فَقَالَ لَهُ: عذيرَك مِنْ مُقَاتِلٍ، أَوَضَعْتُمُ السِّلَاحَ؟ قَالَ: "نَعَمْ". قَالَ: لَكِنَّا لَمْ نَضَعْ أَسْلِحَتَنَا بَعْدُ، انْهَضْ إِلَى هَؤُلَاءِ. قَالَ: "أَيْنَ؟ ". قَالَ: بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ أَمَرَنِي أَنْ أُزَلْزِلَ عَلَيْهِمْ. فَنَهَضَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ مِنْ فَوْرِهِ، وَأَمَرَ النَّاسَ بِالْمَسِيرِ إِلَى بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ، وَكَانَتْ عَلَى أَمْيَالٍ مِنَ الْمَدِينَةِ، وَذَلِكَ بَعْدَ صَلَاةِ الظُّهْرِ، وَقَالَ: "لَا يُصَلِّيَنَّ أَحَدٌ مِنْكُمُ الْعَصْرَ إِلَّا فِي بَنِي قُرَيْظَةَ". | ||
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Thus in the view of ibn Kathir the fate of the Banu Qurayza was the work of their own hand, a fate approved of and commanded by heaven itself. According to ibn Kathir, there fat was exactly what ibn Ishaq had described: | Thus in the view of ibn Kathir the fate of the Banu Qurayza was the work of their own hand, a fate approved of and commanded by heaven itself. According to ibn Kathir, there fat was exactly what ibn Ishaq had described: | ||
{{Quote| Tafsir Ibn Kathir | {{Quote| Tafsir Ibn Kathir on Surah 33]|2=فَقَالَ: إِنِّي أَحْكُمُ أَنْ تُقْتَلَ مُقَاتلتهم، وتُسبْى ذُرِّيَّتُهُمْ وَأَمْوَالُهُمْ. فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَقَدْ حَكَمْتَ بِحُكْمِ اللَّهِ مِنْ فَوْقِ سَبْعَةِ أَرْقِعَةٍ"(٨) . وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: "لَقَدْ حكمتَ بِحُكْمِ المَلك". ثُمَّ أَمْرَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِالْأَخَادِيدِ فَخُدّت فِي الْأَرْضِ، وَجِيءَ بِهِمْ مُكْتَفِينَ، فَضَرَبَ أَعْنَاقَهُمْ، وَكَانُوا مَا بَيْنَ السَّبْعِمِائَةِ إِلَى الثَّمَانِمِائَةِ، وَسَبَى مَنْ لَمْ يُنبت مِنْهُمْ مَعَ النِّسَاءِ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ(٩) | ||
Then he (Sa'ad) said: My judgement is that their fighting-age men be killed, and their families and wealth be taken as booty. The prophet (sala allah 'aleyhi wasallam) said "You have judged with the judgement of Allah above the seven heavens." In another narration: "You have judged with the judgement of the King (Allah)." Then the Messenger of Allah commanded that ditches should be dug, so they were dug in the earth, and they were brought tied by their shoulders, and were beheaded. There were between seven hundred and eight hundred of them. The children who had not yet reached adolescence and the women were taken prisoner, and their wealth was seized.}} | Then he (Sa'ad) said: My judgement is that their fighting-age men be killed, and their families and wealth be taken as booty. The prophet (sala allah 'aleyhi wasallam) said "You have judged with the judgement of Allah above the seven heavens." In another narration: "You have judged with the judgement of the King (Allah)." Then the Messenger of Allah commanded that ditches should be dug, so they were dug in the earth, and they were brought tied by their shoulders, and were beheaded. There were between seven hundred and eight hundred of them. The children who had not yet reached adolescence and the women were taken prisoner, and their wealth was seized.}} | ||