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Slavery in Islamic Law: Difference between revisions
→Sources of slaves: Added note on slaves naturally being a separate category in Q2:178-179
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==Sources of slaves== | ==Sources of slaves== | ||
===In the Quran and hadiths=== | ===In the Quran and hadiths=== | ||
While a number of times the Quran addresses its listeners who are already in possession of slaves, it has little to say regarding the acquisition of slaves. {{Quran|16|71}} states that it is by Allah's favour that slave owners have greater provision than their slaves. {{Quran|8|67}} and {{Quran|33|50}} grants the prophet the right to take captives and makes lawful his sexual intercourse with them, respectively. {{Quran|47|4}} tells the believers to take captives from the defeated disbelievers, but then adds that they be released or ransomed until the war lays down its burdens. | While a number of times the Quran addresses its listeners who are already in possession of slaves, it has little to say regarding the acquisition of slaves. {{Quran|16|71}} states that it is by Allah's favour that slave owners have greater provision than their slaves, and that they are a separate category in recompense in cases of intentional death in {{Quran|2|178-179}}. {{Quran|8|67}} and {{Quran|33|50}} grants the prophet the right to take captives and makes lawful his sexual intercourse with them, respectively. {{Quran|47|4}} tells the believers to take captives from the defeated disbelievers, but then adds that they be released or ransomed until the war lays down its burdens. | ||
In terms of biographical material, a source considered relatively reliable by many academic scholars are the letters of 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr (d. 713 CE) to the late Umayyad Court. One of his letters concerns the conquest of Mecca. After the conquest 'Urwa briefly describes the battle of Hunayn in which he says Muhammad took the women and children as booty before heading to a seige elsewhere, freeing them two weeks later after finding upon his return that they had converted to Islam.<ref>See the fifth of 'Urwa's letters translated in full in Chapter 4 by Sean Anthony, Muhammad and the Empires of Faith: The making of the Prophet of Islam, Oakland CA: University of California, 2020</ref> | In terms of biographical material, a source considered relatively reliable by many academic scholars are the letters of 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr (d. 713 CE) to the late Umayyad Court. One of his letters concerns the conquest of Mecca. After the conquest 'Urwa briefly describes the battle of Hunayn in which he says Muhammad took the women and children as booty before heading to a seige elsewhere, freeing them two weeks later after finding upon his return that they had converted to Islam.<ref>See the fifth of 'Urwa's letters translated in full in Chapter 4 by Sean Anthony, Muhammad and the Empires of Faith: The making of the Prophet of Islam, Oakland CA: University of California, 2020</ref> | ||