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Internal Rhymes as Evidence for Old Hijazi: Difference between revisions
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Old Hijazi has two hallmarks that distinguishes it from classical Arabic and the Quranic reading traditions: | Old Hijazi has two hallmarks that distinguishes it from classical Arabic and the Quranic reading traditions: | ||
The loss of Hamzah (glottal stop) (in Arabic ء) and the loss of nunation (the addition of an "N" sound) and final short vowels except in the genetive (possession-showing) noun construct form. In classical Arabic, final short vowels and nunation are only lost when the word is in a pausal position, i.e., when the word is at the end of utterance. This would mean that unlike classical Arabic, the original language of the Quran entirely lacked noun-final nunation and final short vowels except in the genetive construct form. This means that the last word in a sentence always lacks nunation and a final short vowel while all the words before it don’t lack them. A careful examination of the Quran reveals that if all words were treated in the same way as the words in pausal positions are treated, this would lead to the appearance of hundreds of hitherto unknown internal rhymes. | The loss of Hamzah (glottal stop) (in Arabic ء) and the loss of nunation (the addition of an "N" sound) and final short vowels except in the genetive (possession-showing) noun construct form. In classical Arabic, final short vowels and nunation are only lost when the word is in a pausal position, i.e., when the word is at the end of utterance. This would mean that unlike classical Arabic, the original language of the Quran entirely lacked noun-final nunation and final short vowels except in the genetive construct form. This means that the last word in a sentence always lacks nunation and a final short vowel while all the words before it don’t lack them. A careful examination of the Quran reveals that if all words were treated in the same way as the words in pausal positions are treated, this would lead to the appearance of hundreds of hitherto unknown internal rhymes. | ||
<center><youtube> | <center><youtube>nuNguQzcqUg</youtube></center> | ||
==The Grammar of Pausal positions== | ==The Grammar of Pausal positions== | ||
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“Those are the disbelievers, the wicked ones” | “Those are the disbelievers, the wicked ones” | ||
Old Hijazi pronunciation: | Old Hijazi pronunciation: humu l-kafarah al-fajarah | ||
Classical Arabic pronunciation: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah | Classical Arabic pronunciation: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah | ||
The Quran uses two words for “disbelievers”: kāfirūn/kāfirīn (used 126 times) and kuffār (used 19 times). This verse is the only time the Quran uses the word “kafarah” for “disbelievers”. The reason for this is for the word to internally rhyme with the next word: | The Quran uses two words for “disbelievers”: kāfirūn/kāfirīn (used 126 times) and kuffār (used 19 times). This verse is the only time the Quran uses the word “kafarah” for “disbelievers”. The reason for this is for the word to internally rhyme with the next word: al-fajarah (the wicked ones). Reading the verse in Classical Arabic ruins the rhyme between the two words and thus makes this unique choice for the word pointless: | ||
humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah. | humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah. | ||
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The last word cannot be pronounced “l-fajaratu” because it’s at the end of the verse and hence the ‘u’ marker for the nominative isn’t added. And since that nothing was added, the final feminine ‘h’ remains and doesn’t turn into a ‘t’. | The last word cannot be pronounced “l-fajaratu” because it’s at the end of the verse and hence the ‘u’ marker for the nominative isn’t added. And since that nothing was added, the final feminine ‘h’ remains and doesn’t turn into a ‘t’. | ||
The verse is spelled in the Qur'an as: | The verse is spelled in the Qur'an as: humu l-kafarah al-fajararh. The classical Arabic pronunciation turns the feminine ending of the word “al-kafarah” into a ‘t’. So the word should be spelled with a ‘t’ الكفرت if it were spelled as it is pronounced. Yet the word in the Quran isn’t spelled with a ‘t’ in accordance with the claimed pausal spelling rule (and all other feminine nouns with this ending are likewise not spelled this way) which justifies the mismatch between the spelling of the Quran and the Classical Arabic pronunciation. Note how if the verse is read the same way it’s spelled then the two words rhyme with each other. This observation applies on all Old Hijazi internal rhymes except the ones where the classical Arabic pronunciation only adds final short vowels on words that don’t end with the feminine ‘ah’. In this special case there’s no mismatch between the classical Arabic pronunciation and the spelling as short vowels cannot be spelled in Arabic. An example of this is: | ||
العليم الحكيم | العليم الحكيم | ||
al-ʕalīm | al-ʕalīm al-ḥakīm (Old Hijazi) | ||
al-ʕalīmu l-ḥakīm (Classical Arabic) | al-ʕalīmu l-ḥakīm (Classical Arabic) | ||
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<span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>﴾{{Quran|114|4|}}</span> | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>﴾{{Quran|114|4|}}</span> | ||
OH: min sharri l-waswās | OH: min sharri l-waswās al-khannās | ||
CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās | CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās | ||