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All Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith: Difference between revisions

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All Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith (view source)

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This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in Old Hijazi.
This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in [[Old Hijazi]]. This list is taken from a [https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html blogpost by Idris Al-Arabi].


Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation.
Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation.


The ending of a verse is a certain pausal position. There are also mid-verse pausal positions. Quranic recitation rules (Tajwīd), as set by Muslim scholars, state that during recitation one should avoid pausing at a non-pausal position except when he runs out of breath. To aid the reciter with this, modern prints of the Quran include signs that show where it’s possible to pause in the middle of a verse. The position of such a sign in a verse is determined by scholars based on the meaning and the grammar of the verse. For example, the following verse has four mid-verse pausal signs. You can notice that the pausal positions fit the meaning and context:
The ending of a verse is a certain pausal position. There are also mid-verse pausal positions. Quranic recitation rules (Tajwīd), as set by Muslim scholars, state that during recitation one should avoid pausing at a non-pausal position except when he runs out of breath. To aid the reciter with this, modern prints of the Quran include marks which show where it’s possible to pause in the middle of a verse. The position of such a mark in a verse is determined by scholars based on the meaning and the grammar of the verse. For example, the following verse has four mid-verse pausal signs. You can notice that the pausal positions fit the meaning and context:


Q3:20 So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." (Pausal position) And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" (Pausal position) And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided;(Pausal position) but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. (Pausal position) And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.
{{Quote|{{Quran|3|20}}|
فَإِنْ حَآجُّوكَ فَقُلْ أَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِىَ لِلَّهِ وَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَنِ ۗ وَقُل لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْأُمِّيِّۦنَ ءَأَسْلَمْتُمْ ۚ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُوا۟ فَقَدِ ٱهْتَدَوا۟ ۖ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ ٱلْبَلَٰغُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِيرٌۢ بِٱلْعِبَادِ
 
So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." (Pausal position) And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" (Pausal position) And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided;(Pausal position) but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. (Pausal position) And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.}}




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The type of the pause and its position are the work of scholars. There’s no way to verify if these mid-verse pauses agree with how the Quran used to be recited at the time of Muhammad. It’s also obvious that scholars have missed marking a lot of possible pausal positions. But to keep things simple, we didn’t count Old Hijazi internal rhymes that come at possible pausal positions if these positions were not marked in modern Qurans with pausal signs.
The type of the pause and its position are the work of the scholars. There’s no way to verify if these mid-verse pauses agree with how the Quran used to be recited at the time of Muhammad. It’s also obvious that scholars have missed marking a lot of possible pausal positions. To keep things simple, this article does not count Old Hijazi internal rhymes that come at possible pausal positions if these positions were not marked in modern Qurans with pausal signs.


In some of the examples, none of the two rhyming words comes in a pausal position. Yet the two words only rhyme with each other in Old Hijazi because each word has a different classical Arabic final short vowel or nunation and thus the two words don’t rhyme with each other in classical Arabic. Removing these final short vowels and nunation reveals that the two words in their original forms rhyme with each other. An example of this type:
In some of the examples, none of the two rhyming words comes in a pausal position. Yet the two words only rhyme with each other in Old Hijazi because each word has a different classical Arabic final short vowel or nunation and thus the two words don’t rhyme with each other in classical Arabic. Removing these final short vowels and nunation reveals that the two words in their original forms rhyme with each other. An example of this type:


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌وَأَنْزَلْنَا ‌الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾</span>  Q57:25
{{Quote|{{Quran|57|25}}|


Old Hijazi:            wa anzalna l-ḥadīd fīh bās shadīd wa manāfiʕ…
وَأَنْزَلْنَا <u>‌الْحَدِيدَ</u> فِيهِ بَأْسٌ <u>شَدِيدٌ</u> وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ


Classical Arabic: wa ʾanzalna l-ḥadīda fīhi baʾsun shadīdun wa manāfiʕu…
Old Hijazi: &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;  wa anzalna <u>l-ḥadīd</u> fīh bās <u>shadīd</u> wa manāfiʕ lin-nās...


Classical Arabic: wa ʾanzalna l<u>-ḥadīda</u> fīhi baʾsun <u>shadīdun</u> wa manāfiʕu lin-nās...}}


'''The Rhyming Quality'''


'''High quality:''' That’s when the two rhyming words share the same final vowel and final consonant. Such as:
'''Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes'''


عليم حكيم  ʕalīm ḥakīm (15 attestations)
1- Individual instances. This includes 78 unique examples (96 with repetition) where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, they were so many that only the strongest 17 unique instances were counted, however there are many more than this.


The two words share the same final vowel (ī) and the same final consonant (m). The fact that the rest of the two words share the same vowel and the same arrangement of consonants makes the rhyming quality perfect:
2- Verse-final attributes of Allah. The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 7 (50 with repetition) examples  where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, there are 25 unique ones, 234 counting repeated occurrences.


Consonant + a + consonant + ī + m
<br />
 
'''Normal quality:''' That’s when the two rhyming words don’t share the same final consonant, but they share the same vowels and the same arrangement of consonants. Such as:
 
عزيز حكيم ʕazīz ḥakīm (13 attestations)
 
The two words follow the same scheme: Consonant + a + Consonant + ī + Consonant
 
 
'''Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes'''


1- Individual instances. They include 76 unique high quality Old Hijazi internal rhymes. With repetition they are 94 ones. As for individual instances of normal quality internal rhymes, they were so many that the wikiislam team just collected the strongest 22 unique ones.
==A list of Individual Instances of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran==


2- Verse-final attributes of Allah. The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 6 unique high quality internal rhymes, 48 with repetition. As for normal quality internal rhymes of this type (verse-final attributes of Allah), there are 26 unique ones, 236 with repetition.


<br />
<big>'''A- Internal rhymes where the rhyming words share identical final consonants:'''</big>


==A list of Individual Instances of High-Quality Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran==
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>مُهِينٌ</u>۝﴾</span> Q2:90, 58:5
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>مُهِينٌ</u>۝﴾</span> Q2:90, 58:5


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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَاللَّهُ ‌<u>عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالظَّالِمِينَ</u>۝﴾</span> Q2:95,246 , 9:47, 62:7
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَاللَّهُ ‌<u>عَلِيمٌ ‌بِالظَّالِمِينَ</u>۝﴾</span> Q2:95,246 , 9:47, 62:7


Old Hijazi:            wal-lāh ʕalīm biḌh-Ḍhālimīn.
Old Hijazi:            wal-lāh ʕalīm biḍh-ḍhālimīn.
 
Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḍh-ḍhālimīn.


Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḌh-Ḍhālimīn.
Note: Due to the strong similarity between the "n" and "m" sounds, the Quran doesn't distinguish between the two when it comes to rhymes as seen for example in the first Surah of the Quran whose verse-final words are: al-ʕālamīn, ar-raḥīm, ad-dīn, nastaʕīn, al-mustaqīm, aḍ-ḍāllīn.




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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ <u>عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q2:104 Q58:4
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q2:104 Q58:4


OH: wa lil-kāfirīn ʕadhāb muhīn
OH: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u>


CA: wa lil-kāfirīna ʕadhābun muhīn
CA: wa lil-<u>kāfirīna</u> ʕadhābun <u>ʾalīm</u>




<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا <u>الْعَذَابَ</u> وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ ا<u>لْأَسْبَابُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q2:166
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا <u>الْعَذَابَ</u> وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ ا<u>لْأَسْبَابُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q2:166


OH: wa rāu l-<u>ʕadhāb</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihum ǝl-<u>asbāb</u>
OH: warāu l-<u>ʕadhāb</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihumu l-<u>asbāb</u>


CA: waraʾawu l-<u>ʕadhāba</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-<u>asbāb</u>
CA: waraʾawu l-<u>ʕadhāba</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-ʾ<u>asbāb</u>




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Q2:185,186  
Q2:185,186  


OH: shahru <u>ramaḍān</u> ǝl-ladhi unzil fīh ǝl-<u>qurān</u> hudē lin-nās wabayyināt min ǝl-hudē wa l-<u>furqān</u>… waman kān marīḍā aw ʕalā <u>safar</u> faʕiddah min ayyām <u>ukhar</u>… fainnī <u>qarīb</u> <u>ujīb</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi…
OH: shahru <u>ramaḍān</u> al-ladhi unzil fīhu <u>l-qurān</u> hudē lin-nās wabayyināt min al-hudē <u>wal-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahid minkumu sh-shahr fa-liyaṣumh (pause) waman kān marīḍā aw ʕalā <u>safar</u> faʕiddah min ayyām <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīd allah bikumu l-yusr walā yurīd bikumu l-ʕusr walitukmilu l-ʕiddah walitukabbiru llāh ʕalā mā hadēkum wa laʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waidhā saalak ʕibādī ʕannī fainnī <u>qarīb</u> <u>ujīb</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi idhā daʕān faliyastajībū lī waliyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn.


CA: shahru <u>ramaḍāna</u> l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi l-<u>qurʾānu</u> hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa l-<u>furqān</u>… waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā <u>safarin</u> faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin <u>ukhar</u>… faʾinnī <u>qarībun</u> <u>ʾujību</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi…
CA: shahru <u>ramaḍāna</u> l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi <u>l-qurʾānu</u> hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa <u>l-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahida minkumu sh-shahra falyaṣumh (pause) waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā <u>safarin</u> faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīdu llahu bikumu l-yusra walā yurīdu bikumu l-ʕusra walitukmilu l-ʕiddata walitukabbiru llāha ʕalā mā hadākum walaʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waʾidhā saʾalaka ʕibādī ʕannī faʾinnī <u>qarībun</u> <u>ʾujību</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi ʾdhā daʕān (pause) falyastajībū lī walyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn.




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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> ‌وَمَا ‌لَهُمْ ‌مِنْ <u>‌نَاصِرِينَ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q3:91 16
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> ‌وَمَا ‌لَهُمْ ‌مِنْ <u>‌نَاصِرِينَ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q3:91 16


OH: ʕadhāb alīm wamālahum min nāṣirīn
OH: ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> wamālahum min <u>nāṣirīn</u>


CA: ʕadhābun ʾalīmun wamālahum min nāṣirīn
CA: ʕadhābun <u>ʾalīmun</u> wamālahum min <u>nāṣirīn</u>




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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِ</u> إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ <u>الشَّيْطَانُ</u> بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾</span>  Q3:155
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِ</u> إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ <u>الشَّيْطَانُ</u> بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾</span>  Q3:155


OH: yawm ǝltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u> innama stazallahum ǝsh-<u>shayṭān</u> bibaʕḍi mā…
OH: yawm altaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u> innama stazallahum ash-<u>shayṭān</u> bibaʕḍi mā…


CA: yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕāni</u> ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-<u>shayṭānu</u> bibaʕḍi mā…
CA: yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕāni</u> ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-<u>shayṭānu</u> bibaʕḍi mā…
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ <u>أَغْنِيَاءُ</u> ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ <u>الْأَنْبِيَاءَ</u> بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾</span>  Q3:181
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ <u>أَغْنِيَاءُ</u> ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ <u>الْأَنْبِيَاءَ</u> بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾</span>  Q3:181


OH: wa naḥn <u>aghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahum ǝl-<u>anbiyāʾ</u> bighayri ḥaqq.
OH: wa naḥn <u>aghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>anbiyāʾ</u> bighayri ḥaqq.


CA: wa naḥnu <u>ʾaghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>ʾanbiyāʾa</u> bighayri ḥaqq.
CA: wa naḥnu <u>ʾaghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>ʾanbiyāʾa</u> bighayri ḥaqq.
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا ‌مِنْ ‌<u>بَشِيرٍ ‌وَلَا نَذِيرٍۖ</u> فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَ<u>شِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ</u> ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾</span>  Q5:19
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا ‌مِنْ ‌<u>بَشِيرٍ ‌وَلَا نَذِيرٍۖ</u> فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَ<u>شِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ</u> ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾</span>  Q5:19


OH: min <u>bashīr</u> wa lā <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) faqad jākum <u>bashīr</u> wa <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) wal-lāh ʕalā kulli shayy qadīr.
OH: min <u>bashīr</u> walā <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) faqad jākum <u>bashīr</u> wa<u>nadhīr</u> (pause) wal-lāh ʕalā kulli shayy qadīr.


CA: min <u>bashīrin</u> wa lā <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) faqad jāʾakum <u>bashīrun</u> wa <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) wal-lāhu ʕalā kulli shayʾin qadīr.
CA: min <u>bashīrin</u> walā <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) faqad jāʾakum <u>bashīrun</u> wa<u>nadhīr</u> (pause) wal-lāhu ʕalā kulli shayʾin qadīr.




<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَهُمْ ‌<u>يَنْهَوْنَ ‌عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ</u> ۖ وَإِنْ يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ۝</span>  Q6:26
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَهُمْ ‌<u>يَنْهَوْنَ ‌عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ</u> ۖ وَإِنْ يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ۝</span>  Q6:26


OH:  yanhawn ʕanh wa yanawn ʕanh.
OH:  yanhawn ʕanh wayanawn ʕanh.


CA:  yanhawna ʕanhu wa yanʾawna ʕanh.
CA:  yanhawna ʕanhu wayanʾawna ʕanh.




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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا ‌يَوْمَ <u>‌الْفُرْقَانِ</u> يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِۗ</u> وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾</span> Q8:41
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا ‌يَوْمَ <u>‌الْفُرْقَانِ</u> يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِۗ</u> وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ۝﴾</span> Q8:41


OH: yawm ǝl-<u>furqān</u> yawm ǝltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u>.
OH: yawma l-<u>furqān</u> yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u>.


CA: yawma l-<u>furqāni</u> yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u>.
CA: yawma l-<u>furqāni</u> yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u>.
Line 251: Line 245:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ آتَيْنَاهُ ‌<u>حُكْمًا ‌وَعِلْمًا</u> ۚ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ۝﴾</span>  Q12:22 The two words also occur in three other verses including two in pausal positions Q21:79, 28:14.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ آتَيْنَاهُ ‌<u>حُكْمًا ‌وَعِلْمًا</u> ۚ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ۝﴾</span>  Q12:22 The two words also occur in three other verses including two in pausal positions Q21:79, 28:14.


OH: ḥukmā wa ʕilmā.
OH: ḥukmā waʕilmā.


CA: ḥukman wa ʕilmā.
CA: ḥukman waʕilmā.




Line 265: Line 259:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ <u>الْكُفَّارُ</u> لِمَنْ ‌عُقْبَى <u>‌الدَّارِ۝</u>﴾</span> Q13:42
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ <u>الْكُفَّارُ</u> لِمَنْ ‌عُقْبَى <u>‌الدَّارِ۝</u>﴾</span> Q13:42


OH: wa sayaʕlam <u>ǝl-kuffār</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u>
OH: wasayaʕlam <u>al-kuffār</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u>


CA: wa sayaʕlamu <u>l-kuffāru</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u>
CA: wasayaʕlamu <u>l-kuffāru</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u>




<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ ‌<u>خَصِيمٌ ‌مُبِينٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q16:4, 36:77
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ ‌<u>خَصِيمٌ ‌مُبِينٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q16:4, 36:77


OH: khasīm mubīn
OH: khaṣīm mubīn


CA: khasīmun mubīn
CA: khaṣīmun mubīn




<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ ‌<u>سِرًّا ‌وَجَهْرًا</u> ۖ هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q16:75
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ ‌<u>سِرًّا ‌وَجَهْرًا</u> ۖ هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q16:75


OH: sirrā wa jahrā
OH: sirrā wajahrā


CA: sirran wa jahrā
CA: sirran wajahrā




Line 293: Line 287:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا ‌<u>مُبَشِّرًا ‌وَنَذِيرًا</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q17:105 The two words also occur in the end of 3 other verses Q25:56, 33:45, 48:8.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا ‌<u>مُبَشِّرًا ‌وَنَذِيرًا</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q17:105 The two words also occur in the end of 3 other verses Q25:56, 33:45, 48:8.


OH: mubashshirā wa nadhīrā
OH: mubashshirā wanadhīrā


CA: mubashshiran wa nadhīrā
CA: mubashshiran wanadhīrā




<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿هُوَ خَيْرٌ <u>ثَوَابًا</u> ‌وَخَيْرٌ <u>‌عُقْبًا</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q18:44
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿هُوَ خَيْرٌ <u>ثَوَابًا</u> ‌وَخَيْرٌ <u>‌عُقْبًا</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q18:44


OH: hū khayr <u>thawābā</u> wa khayr <u>ʕuqbā</u>
OH: hū khayr <u>thawābā</u> wakhayr <u>ʕuqbā</u>


CA: huwa khayrun <u>thawāban</u> wa khayrun <u>ʕuqbā</u>
CA: huwa khayrun <u>thawāban</u> wakhayrun <u>ʕuqbā</u>




Line 314: Line 308:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالُوا يَامَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ <u>شَيْئًا ‌فَرِيًّا</u>۝﴾</span> Q19:27
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالُوا يَامَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ <u>شَيْئًا ‌فَرِيًّا</u>۝﴾</span> Q19:27


OH: shayā fariyyā
OH: shayyā fariyyā


CA: shayʾan fariyyā
CA: shayʾan fariyyā
Line 321: Line 315:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَلَا يَخَافُ <u>ظُلْمًا وَلَا ‌هَضْمًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q20:112  
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَلَا يَخَافُ <u>ظُلْمًا وَلَا ‌هَضْمًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q20:112  


OH: ḍhulmā wa lā haḍmā
OH: ḍhulmā walā haḍmā


CA: ḍhulman wa lā haḍmā
CA: ḍhulman walā haḍmā




<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا ‌<u>رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا</u> ۖ وَكَانُوا لَنَا خَاشِعِينَ۝﴾</span>  Q21:90
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا ‌<u>رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا</u> ۖ وَكَانُوا لَنَا خَاشِعِينَ۝﴾</span>  Q21:90


OH: raghabā wa rahabā
OH: raghabā warahabā


CA: raghaban wa rahabā
CA: raghaban warahabā




<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ <u>وَالْبَادِۚ</u> وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ <u>‌بِإِلْحَادٍ</u> بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ۝﴾</span>  Q22:25
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ <u>وَالْبَادِۚ</u> وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ <u>‌بِإِلْحَادٍ</u> بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ۝﴾</span>  Q22:25


OH: fīh <u>wal-bād</u> wa man yurid fīh <u>biilḥād</u> biḍhulm…
OH: fīh <u>wal-bād</u> (pause) wa man yurid fīh <u>biilḥād</u> biḍhulm…


CA: fīhi <u>wal-bād</u> wa man yurid fīhi <u>biʾilḥādin</u> biḍhulmin…
CA: fīhi <u>wal-bād</u> (pause) wa man yurid fīhi <u>biʾilḥādin</u> biḍhulmin…




Line 349: Line 343:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌وَبُرِّزَتِ ا<u>لْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q26:91
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌وَبُرِّزَتِ ا<u>لْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q26:91


OH: wa burrizat <u>ǝl-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn</u>
OH: wa burrizat <u>al-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn</u>


CA: wa burrizati <u>l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn</u>
CA: wa burrizati <u>l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn</u>
Line 363: Line 357:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ <u>الْبُيُوتِ</u> لَبَيْتُ <u>‌الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ</u> لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾</span>   Q29:41
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ <u>الْبُيُوتِ</u> لَبَيْتُ <u>‌الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ</u> لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ۝﴾</span>   Q29:41


OH: wa inn awhan <u>ǝl-buyūt</u> labayt <u>ǝl-ʕankabūt</u>
OH: wa inn awhan <u>al-buyūt</u> labayt <u>al-ʕankabūt</u>


CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana <u>l-buyūti</u> labaytu <u>l-ʕankabūt</u>
CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana <u>l-buyūti</u> labaytu <u>l-ʕankabūt</u>
Line 373: Line 367:


CA: wallā <u>mustakbiran</u> kaʾan lam yasmaʕhā kaʾanna fī ʾudhunayhi <u>waqrā</u>
CA: wallā <u>mustakbiran</u> kaʾan lam yasmaʕhā kaʾanna fī ʾudhunayhi <u>waqrā</u>


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ ‌وَاغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ</u> ۚ إِنَّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ ۝﴾</span>   Q31:19
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ ‌وَاغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ</u> ۚ إِنَّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ ۝﴾</span>   Q31:19
Line 390: Line 385:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ <u>‌ذِكْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q33:41  
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ <u>‌ذِكْرًا ‌كَثِيرًا</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q33:41  


OH: dhikran kathīrā
OH: dhikrā kathīrā  


CA: dhikrā kathīrā
CA: dhikran kathīrā




<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَمْ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا الَّذِي ‌هُوَ <u>‌مَهِينٌ</u> وَلَا يَكَادُ <u>يُبِينُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q43:52 “mahīn” is the ending of a verse according to some readings so this instance might not be a case of internal rhyme.
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أَمْ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا الَّذِي ‌هُوَ <u>‌مَهِينٌ</u> وَلَا يَكَادُ <u>يُبِينُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q43:52 “mahīn” is the ending of a verse according to some readings so this instance might not be a case of internal rhyme.


OH: hū <u>mahīn</u> wa lā yakād <u>yabīn</u>
OH: hū <u>mahīn</u> walā yakād <u>yabīn</u>
 
CA: huwa <u>mahīnun</u> walā yakādu <u>yabīn</u>
 
 
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ۝﴾</span>  Q56:3
 
OH: khāfiḍah rāfiʕah


CA: huwa <u>mahīnun</u> wa lā yakādu <u>yabīn</u>
CA: khāfiḍatun rāfiʕah




<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌إِلَّا ‌قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا۝﴾</span>   Q56:26 Discovered by Van Putten
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌إِلَّا ‌قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا۝﴾</span>   Q56:26 Discovered by Van Putten And Phillip Stokes


OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā
OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā
Line 411: Line 413:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَا ‌مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلَا مَمْنُوعَةٍ ۝﴾</span>   Q56:33
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿لَا ‌مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلَا مَمْنُوعَةٍ ۝﴾</span>   Q56:33


OH: lā maqṭūʕah wa lā mamnūʕah
OH: lā maqṭūʕah walā mamnūʕah


CA: lā maqṭūʕatin wa lā mamnūʕah
CA: lā maqṭūʕatin walā mamnūʕah




Line 474: Line 476:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّهُ <u>فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q74:18
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّهُ <u>فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q74:18


OH: innah <u>fakkar wa qaddar</u>
OH: innah <u>fakkar waqaddar</u>


CA: innahū <u>fakkara wa qaddar</u>
CA: innahū <u>fakkara waqaddar</u>




<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ثُمَّ <u>أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ۝</u>﴾</span>  Q74:23
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ثُمَّ <u>أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ۝</u>﴾</span>  Q74:23


OH: thumm <u>adbar was-takbar</u>
OH: thumm <u>adbar wastakbar</u>


CA: thumma <u>ʾadbara was-takbar</u>
CA: thumma <u>ʾadbara wastakbar</u>




Line 532: Line 534:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا ۝﴾</span>  Q80:28
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا ۝﴾</span>  Q80:28


OH: wa ʕinabā wa qaḍbā
OH: waʕinabā waqaḍbā


CA: wa ʕinaban wa qaḍbā
CA: wa inaban waqaḍbā




<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ <u>الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q80:42
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ <u>الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q80:42


OH: hum ǝl-kafarah ǝl-fajarh
OH: humu l-kafarah al-fajarah
 
CA: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah
 
 
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿عَامِلَةٌ نَاصِبَةٌ۝﴾</span>  Q88:3
 
OH: ʕāmilah nāṣibah


CA: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarh
CA: ʕāmilatun nāṣibah




Line 560: Line 569:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ ‌وَيَمْنَ<u>عُونَ الْمَاعُونَ۝</u>﴾</span>   Q107:7
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ ‌وَيَمْنَ<u>عُونَ الْمَاعُونَ۝</u>﴾</span>   Q107:7


OH: wa yamnaʕūn ǝl-māʕūn
OH: wa yamnaʕūn al-māʕūn


CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn
CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn
Line 567: Line 576:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿تَبَّتْ يَدَا ‌أَبِي <u>‌لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q111:1
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿تَبَّتْ يَدَا ‌أَبِي <u>‌لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q111:1


OH: tabbat yadā abī lahab wa tab
OH: tabbat yadā abī lahab watab


CA: tabbat yadā ʾabī lahabin wa tab
CA: tabbat yadā ʾabī lahabin watab


<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q114:4
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q114:4


OH: min sharri l-waswās ǝl-khannās
OH: min sharri l-waswās al-khannās


CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās
CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās
<br />
'''<big>B- Internal rhymes where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants.</big>'''
Due to the large number of examples of this type, not all of them were counted. Here are some of the notable examples:
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى</u> لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ۝﴾</span> Q2:97 The two words also occur at 16:102 and 27:2
Old Hijazi:            <u>wa hudē wa bushrē</u> lil-mūminīn
Classical Arabic: <u>wa hudan wa bushrā</u> lil-muʾminīn
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌نَذِيرٌ ‌مُبِينٌ۝﴾</span>  Q7:184 The two words also occur at the end of 10 other verses such as 11:25, 22:49.
OH: nadhīr mubīn
CA: nadhīrun mubīn
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌لَيَئُوسٌ ‌كَفُورٌ۝﴾</span>   Q11:9
OH: layaūs kafūr
CA: layaʾūsun kafūr
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌إِنَّ ‌أَخْذَهُ ‌<u>أَلِيمٌ ‌شَدِيدٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q11:102
OH: alīm shadīd
CA: ʾalīmun shadīd
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌لَهُمْ ‌فِيهَا ‌<u>زَفِيرٌ ‌وَشَهِيقٌ</u>۝﴾</span>   Q11:106
OH: zafīr wa shahīq
CA: zafīrun wa shahīq
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالَ اجْعَلْنِي عَلَى خَزَائِنِ الْأَرْضِ ‌إِنِّي ‌<u>حَفِيظٌ ‌عَلِيمٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q12:55
OH: ḥafīḍh ʕalīm
CA: ḥafīḍhun ʕalīm
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌مَذْمُومًا ‌مَدْحُورًا۝﴾</span>   Q17:18
OH: madhmūmā madḥūrā
CA: madhmūman madḥūrā
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿‌مَذْمُومًا ‌مَخْذُولًا۝﴾</span>   Q17:22
OH: madhmūmā makhdhūlā
CA: madhmūman makhdhūlā
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿قَالَ ‌عَمَّا <u>‌قَلِيلٍ</u> ‌لَيُصْبِحُنَّ <u>‌نَادِمِينَ۝</u>﴾</span>  Q23:40
OH: ʕammā <u>qalīl</u> la yuṣbiḥunn <u>nādimīn</u>
CA: ʕammā <u>qalīlin</u> la yuṣbiḥunna <u>nādimīn</u>
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ إِنَّهُ كَانَ <u>ظَلُومًا ‌جَهُولً</u>ا ۝﴾</span>  Q33:72
OH: ḍhalūmā jahūlā
CA: ḍhalūman jahūlā
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا ‌<u>مَنَافِعُ وَمَشَارِبُ</u> ۚ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ۝﴾</span>  Q36:73
OH: manāfiʕ wamashārib
CA: manāfiʕu wamashārib
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنْ مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ فَ<u>يَئُوسٌ ‌قَنُوطٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q41:49
OH: fa yaūs qanūṭ
CA: fa yaʾūsun qanūṭ
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ذُقْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ ‌<u>الْعَزِيزُ ‌الْكَرِيمُ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q44:49
OH: ant al-ʕazīz al-karīm
CA: ʾanta l-ʕazīzu l-karīm
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ <u>رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q50:18
OH: raqīb ʕatīd
CA: raqībun ʕatīd
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَيَبْقَى وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو <u>الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q55:27
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ذِي <u>الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ</u> ۝﴾</span>  Q55:78
OH: l-jalāl wal-ikram
CA: l-jalāli wal-ʾikram
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَكَانَتِ الْجِبَالُ ‌<u>كَثِيبًا ‌مَهِيلًا</u>۝﴾</span>  Q73:14
OH: kathībā mahīlā
CA: kathīban mahīlā
Q89:19-22
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ <u>أَكْلًا لَمًّا</u> (١٩) وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ <u>حُبًّا جَمًّا</u> (٢٠) كَلَّا إِذَا دُكَّتِ الْأَرْضُ <u>دَكًّا دَكًّا (</u>٢١) وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ <u>صَفًّا صَفًّا</u> (٢٢) ﴾</span>
OH: …aklā lammā۝…ḥubbā jammā۝…dakkā dakkā۝…ṣaffā ṣaffā۝
CA: …aklan lammā۝…ḥubban jammā۝…dakkan dakkā۝…ṣaffan ṣaffā۝
'''<big>C- Some examples of Internal rhymes where the rhyming words don't share identical final long vowels.</big>'''
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فَقَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي لِمَا أَنْزَلْتَ إِلَيَّ ‌مِنْ ‌<u>خَيْرٍ ‌فَقِيرٌ</u> ۝﴾</span>   Q28:24
OH: khayr faqīr
CA: khayrin faqīr
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ مِنْ كُلِّ ‌<u>زَوْجٍ ‌بَهِيجٍ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q22:5, 50:7
OH: zawj bahīj
CA: zawjin bahīj
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فِي <u>سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ</u>۝﴾</span>  Q56:42
OH: samūm waḥamīm
CA: samūmin waḥamīm
==A list of All Verse-Final Attributes of Allah that Form Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes==
'''<big>A- The two words share an identical final consonant.</big>'''
ʕalīm ḥakīm عليم حكيم “Knower, Wise” (15 attestations, such as 9:15,28,60,97,106,110)
    ʕalīmā ḥakīmā عليما حكيما (10 attestations, such as 4:11,17,24,92,104,111,170)
    al-ʕalīm al-ḥakīm العليم الحكيم “the Knower, the Wise”  (4, such as: 12:83,100)
ḥakīm ʕalīm حكيم عليم “Wise, Knower”  (5, such as 6:83,128,139)
    al-ḥakīm al-ʕalīm الحكيم العليم (43:84 , 51:30)
ghafūr shakūr غفور شكور “Forgiving, Appreciative” (35:30,34 , 42:23)
ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم “Knower, ­Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)
    ʕalīmā ḥalīmā  عليما حليما (33:51)
khabīr baṣīr خبير بصير “Aware, Seeing” (35:31, 42:27)
    khabīrā baṣīrā خبيرا بصيرا(17:17,30,96)
ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم  “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)
    ʕalīmā ḥalīmā عليما حليما (33:51)
qarīb mujīb قريب مجيب  “Near, Responsive” (11:61)
ḥamīd majīd حميد مجيد “Owner of Praise, Owner of Glory” (11:73)
===B- The two words don't share an identical final consonant.===
Note that in the rhyming of verse-final words (external rhymes), the Quran usually alternates between ūn and īn, which means that in the language of the Quran, ū rhymes with ī. Thus it’s natural to see internal rhymes such as غفور رحيم ghafūr raḥīm.
ghafūr raḥīm  غفور رحيم “Forgiving, Merciful” (49 attestations, such as 2:173,182,192)
      ghafūrā raḥīmā غفورا رحيما (15, such as 4:23,96,100,106)
      al-ghafūr ar-raḥīm   الغفور الرحيم “the Forgiving, the Merciful” (7, such as 42:5, 46:8)
ar-raḥīm al-ghafūr  الرحيم الغفور “the Merciful, the Forgiving” (34:2)
ʕazīz ḥakīm عزيز حكيم “Mighty, Wise” (13, such as 8:10,49,63)
      ʕazīzā ḥakīmā عزيزا حكيما (5, such as 4:56,158,165)
      al-ʕazīz al-ḥakīm العزيز الحكيم (29 instances, such as 3:6,18,62)
samīʕ ʕalīm  سميع عليم “Hearer, Knower “(16, such as 8:17,42,53)
     as-samīʕ al-ʕalīm السميع العليم (15, such as 2:127,137)
al-ʕazīz ar-raḥīm العزيز الرحيم "the Mighty, the Merciful” (13, such as 26:9,68,104)
raūf raḥīm  رؤوف رحيم “Kind, Merciful” (9, such as 16:7,47)
ghafūr ḥalīm  غفور حليم “Forgiving, Forbearing” (4, such as 5:101)
ḥalīmā ghafūrā حليما غفورا “Forbearing, Forgiving” (17:44, 35:41)
ʕalīm khabīr عليم خبير “Knower, Aware” (31:34, 49:13)
    ʕalīma khabīrā عليما خبيرا (4:35)
    al-ʕalīm al-khabīr العليم الخبير (66:3)
ḥakīm khabīr حكيم خبير “Wise, Aware” (11:1)
   al-ḥakīm al-khabīr   الحكيم الخبير (6:18, 6:73, 34:1)
laṭīf khabīr  لطيف خبير  “Subtle, Aware” (22:63, 31:16)
     laṭīfā khabīrā   لطيفا خبيرا  (33:34)
     al-laṭīf al-khabīr اللطيف الخبير (6:103, 67:14)
al- azīz al-ʕalīm  العزيز العليم “the Mighty, the Knower” (6, such as 6:96, 27:78)
al-ʕazīz al-ḥamīd  العزيز الحميد “the Mighty, the Owner of Praise”(14:1, 34:6, 85:8)
samīʕ baṣīr سميع بصير “Hearer, Seer” (4, such as 22:61)
    samīʕā baṣīrā سميعا بصيرا (3, such as 4:58)
    as-samīʕ al-baṣīr السميع البصير (4, such as 40:20)
ʕalīm qadīr  عليم قدير  “Knower, Powerful” (16:70, 42:50)
   ʕalīmā qadīrā عليما قديرا  (35:44)
    al-ʕalīm al-qadīr العليم القدير   (30:54)
ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم  “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59)
    ʕalīmā ḥalīmā عليما حليما (33:51)
ʕazīz ghafūr  عزيز غفور “Mighty, Forgiving” (35:28)
  al- azīz al-ghafūr العزيز الغفور (67:2)
raḥīm wadūd رحيم ودود “Merciful, Loving” (11:90)
ḥakīm ḥamīd حكيم حميد “Wise, Owner of Praise” (41:42)
shakūr ḥalīm شكور حليم “Appreciative, Forbearing” (64:17)
al-ghafūr al-wadūd الغفور الودود “the Forgiving, the Loving” (85:14)
samīʕ qarīb سميع قريب “Hearer, Near” (34:50)
<br />
==Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in Hadith==
Due to the vast size of the Hadith corpus, it wasn’t possible for Idris Al-Arabi to scan the entirety of it for internal rhymes the same way he did with the Quran. Since that prayers tend to be poetic, Idris looked into Hadith collections of prayers and found most of the following internal rhymes.
The first internal rhyme is from the seven aḥruf Hadith listed in a huge number of Hadith sources. The two rhyming words in this Hadith always come at a possible pausal position and sometimes at the end of the Hadith, such as:
<ref>مصنف ابن أبي شيبة، ج6 ص137، دار التاج
Musannaf of Ibn Abi Shaybah, vol.6 p.137, Dar Al-Taj</ref>«نَزَلَ الْقُرْآنُ عَلَى سَبْعَةِ أَحْرُفٍ كُلٌّ ‌<u>شَافٍ ‌كَافٍ</u>»
Old Hijazi:            shāf kāf
Classical Arabic: shāfin kāf, or shāfin kāfī
The second example is from a popular prayer that’s said after the call of prayer (adhān):
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يَسْمَعُ النِّدَاءَ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ القَائِمَةِ آتِ مُحَمَّدًا ‌<u>الوَسِيلَةَ ‌وَالفَضِيلَةَ</u>، وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ، حَلَّتْ لَهُ شَفَاعَتِي يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ "<ref>صحيح البخاري، ج1 ص126، ط السلطانية
Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol.1 p.126, published by Al-Sultaniah</ref>
Old Hijazi:           al-wasīlah wal-faḍīlah
Classical Arabic: al-wasīlata wal-faḍīlah
<ref>صحيح مسلم، ج1 ص412، تحقيق عبد الباقي
Sahih Muslim, vol.1 p.412, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi</ref>أَنَّ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَدْعُو فِي الصَّلَاةِ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَسِيحِ الدَّجَّالِ ، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الْمَحْيَا وَالْمَمَاتِ ، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ <u>الْمَأْثَمِ وَ الْمَغْرَمِ</u>.
Old Hijazi:            al-mātham wal-maghram
Classical Arabic: al-maʾthami wal-maghram
<ref>سنن أبي داود، ج2 ص645، تحقيق شعيب الأرنؤوط
Sunan Abi Dawud, vol.2 p.645, Tahqiq by Shuayb Arnaut</ref>قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَدْعُو ‏ "‏ اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ا<u>لشِّقَاقِ وَالنِّفَاقِ</u> وَسُوءِ <u>الأَخْلاَقِ ‏</u>"‏ ‏.
OH: min <u>al-shiqāq wal-nifāq</u> wa suww <u>al-akhlāq</u>
CA: mina <u>l-shiqāqi wal-nifāqi</u> wa sūʾi <u>l-ʾakhlāq</u>
<ref>تفسير الطبري في ج12 ص100 دار التربية
Tafsir Al-Tabari, vol.12 p.100, Dar Al-Tarbiyah</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">إِذَا دَخَلَ النُّورُ الْقَلْبَ انْفَسَحَ وَانْشَرَحَ.</span>
OH: infasaḥ wa-nsharaḥ
CA: infasaḥa wa-nsharaḥ
((<u>لَبَّيْكَ وَسَعْدَيْكَ</u> وَالْخَيْرُ كُلُّهُ فِي يَدَيْكَ، وَالشَّرُّ لَيْسَ إِلَيْكَ، أَنَا بِكَ وَإِلَيْكَ، ‌تَبَارَكْتَ ‌وَتَعَالَيْتَ، أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ...اللهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي <u>مَا قَدَّمْتُ وَمَا أَخَّرْتُ</u>، <u>وَمَا أَسْرَرْتُ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُ، وَمَا أَسْرَفْتُ</u>، وَمَا أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي، أَنْتَ الْمُقَدِّمُ وَأَنْتَ الْمُؤَخِّرُ، لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ)). <ref>صحيح مسلم، ج1 ص534، تحقيق عبد الباقي
Sahih Muslim, vol.1 p.534, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi</ref>
This is a prayer that contains many internal rhymes:
OH: labbayk wa saʕdayk (pause)  tabārakt wa taʕālayt (pause)… mā qaddamt wa mā akhkhart (pause) wa mā asrart wa mā aʕlant (pause) wa mā asraft (pause)
CA: labbayka wa saʕdayk (pause) tabārakta wa taʕālayt (pause)… mā qaddamtu wa mā ʾakhkhart (pause) wa mā ʾasrartu wa mā ʾaʕlant (pause) wa mā ʾasraft (pause)
<ref>سنن ابن ماجه، ج5 ص17، دار الرسالة العلمية
(Sunan Ibn Majah, vol.5 p.17, Dar Al-Risalah Al-ʿilmiyyah)</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">اللَّهمَّ إنِّي أسألُكَ مِنَ الخيرِ كلِّهِ <u>عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ</u> ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ ، وأعوذُ بِكَ منَ الشَّرِّ كلِّهِ <u>عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ</u> ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ.</span>
OH: ʕājilih wa ājilih
CA: ʕājilihī wa ʾājilih
<ref>صحيح مسلم ج2 ص697 تحقيق عبد الباقي
Sahih Muslim, vol.2 p.697, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، ذَهَبَ أَهْلُ ‌<u>الدُّثُورِ ‌بِالْأُجُو</u>رِ، يُصَلُّونَ كَمَا نُصَلِّي، وَيَصُومُونَ كَمَا نَصُومُ، وَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ بِفُضُولِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ.</span>
OH: ahlu d-duthūr bil-ujūr
CA: ʾahlu d-duthūri bil-ʾujūr
<ref>الدعوات الكبير للبيهقي، تحقيق بدر البدر، ج2 ص147
Al-Daʕawāt al-kabīr by Albayhaqī, vol.2 p.147, Tahqiq by Badr Al-Badr</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">اللَّهُمَّ هَبْ لِي قَلْبًا <u>‌تَقِيًّا ‌نَقِيًّا</u> مِنَ الشَّرِّ بَرِيئا لَا كَافِرًا وَلَا شَقِيًّا.</span>
OH: qalbā <u>taqiyyā naqiyyā</u> (pause) min al-sharr bariyyā (pause) lā kāfirā wa lā shaqiyyā.
CA: qalban <u>taqiyyan naqiyyā</u> (pause) mina l-sharri barīʾā (pause) lā kāfiran wa lā shaqiyyā.
Note how the word “bariyyā” only rhymes without the hamzah.
<ref>الآحاد والمثاني لابن أبي عاصم» (3/ 460)
Al-ʾāḥād wal-mathānī by Ibn Abī ʕāṣim, vol.3 p.460, Dār Al-Rāyah</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْهَدْمِ وَالتَّرَدِّي وَالْهَرَمِ ‌<u>وَالْغَرَقِ ‌وَالْحَرَقِ</u> وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ إِنْ يَتَخَبَّطَنِي الشَّيْطَانُ عِنْدَ الْمَوْتِ وَأَنْ أُقْتَلَ فِي سَبِيلِكَ مُدْبِرًا أَوْ أَمُوتَ لَدِيغًا»
OH: wal-gharaq wal-ḥaraq
CA: wal-gharaqi wal-ḥaraq
<ref>مصنف ابن أبي شيبة (6/ 33 تحقيق الحوت)
Al-Musannaf by Ibn Abi Shaybah, vol.6 p.33, Tahqiq by Al-Hout</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ عِلْمًا نَافِعًا، وَرِزْقًا طَيِّبًا، ‌<u>وَعَمَلًا ‌مُتَقَبَّلًا</u>»
OH: wa ʕamalā mutaqabbalā
CA: wa ʕamalan mutaqabbalā
<ref>مسند أحمد، ج37 ص355 ط الرسالة
Musnad Ahmad, vol.37 p.355, Al-Risalah</ref>" جَاهِدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ يُنَجِّي اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ ‌<u>الْهَمِّ ‌وَالْغَمِّ</u> "
OH: min al-hamm wal-ghamm
CA: mina l-hammi wal-ghamm
<ref>مسند أحمد، ج13 ص418 ط الرسالة
Musnad Ahmad, vol.13 p.418, Al-Risalah</ref>" اللهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْفَقْرِ ‌<u>وَالْقِلَّةِ ‌وَالذِّلَّةِ</u>، وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ أَنْ أَظْلِمَ أَوْ أُظْلَمَ "
OH: wal-qillah wal-dhillah
CA: wal-qillati wal-dhillah
<ref>مسند أبي داود الطيالسي، ج2 ص84، دار هجر
Musnad Abi Dawud Al-Tayalisi, vol.2 p.84, Dar Hajr</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ ‌قِنِي <u>‌عَذَابَكَ</u> يَوْمَ ‌تَبْعَثُ <u>‌عِبَادَكَ</u>»
OH: allāhumm qinī <u>ʕadhābak</u> yawm tabʕath <u>ʕibādak</u>
CA: allāhumma qinī <u>ʕadhābaka</u> yawma tabʕathu <u>ʕibādak</u>
<ref>مسند أبي داود الطيالسي، ج2 ص199، دار هجر
Musnad Abi Dawud Al-Tayalisi, vol.2 p.199, Dar Hajr</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ‌<u>الْكُفْرِ ‌وَالْفَقْرِ</u>، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ»
OH: min <u>al-kufr wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhāb al-qabr (pause)
CA: mina <u>l-kufri wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhābi l-qabr (pause)
كان رسول الله صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيهِ وَسَلَّمَ إذا قام من الليل كبَّر، ثم يقول:
"سبحانك اللهم! وبحمدك، وتبارك اسمك، وتعالى جدك، ولا إله غيرك"، ثم يقول: "لا إله إلا الله" ثلاثًا، ثم يقول:
<ref>سنن أبي داود تحقيق الأرنؤوط، ج2 ص82
Sunan Abi Dawud, vol.2 p.82, Tahqiq by Shuayb Arnaut</ref>"الله أكبر كبيرًا" -ثلاثًا- أعوذ بالله السميع العليم من الشيطان الرجيم؛ من ‌<u>همزه ونفخه ونفثه</u>" ثم يقرأ.
OH: min hamzih wa nafkhih wa nafthih
CA: min hamzihī wa nafkhihī wa nafthih
==External Links==
Idris AlArabi--[https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html A list of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran and Hadith]
==References==
<references />
Iarabi
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