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<div>According to Anas ibn Malik, the Prophet [[Muhammad]] used to visit all eleven of his [[Muhammad's Wives|wives]] in one night; but he could manage this, as he had the [[Sex|sexual]] prowess of thirty men.<ref>{{Bukhari|1|5|268}}. See also {{Bukhari|7|62|142}}.</ref> The historian Al-[[Tabari]] calculated that Muhammad [[Marriage|married]] a total of fifteen [[Islam and Women|women]], though only ever eleven at one time; and two of these marriages were never consummated.<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 126-127}}.</ref> This tally of fifteen does not include at least four concubines. According to Merriam-Webster, a concubine is “a woman with whom a man cohabits without being married”, and has a “social status in a household below that of a wife.”<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/concubine|2=2011-09-28}} Concubine] – Merriam-Webster, accessed September 28, 2011</ref> All of Muhammad’s concubines were his [[Slavery|slaves]]. Al-Tabari also excludes from the fifteen several other women with whom Muhammad had some kind of marriage contract but who, due to legal technicalities, never became full wives. It is fairly certain, however, that none of these unions was ever consummated. They were the cultural equivalent of a broken engagement. Finally, there were several other women whom Muhammad wished to marry, or whom he was invited to marry, but for various reasons he did not.<br />
<br />
==Lists==<br />
<br />
The following [[lists]] of women in Muhammad’s life are based on the Islamic sources. Because there were so many women, some of whom had only a very brief association with him, it is possible that this number still falls short of the real total.<br />
<br />
===Wives and Concubines===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"<br />
! width ="10" | No.<br />
! width ="280" | Name<br />
! width ="65" | Status<br />
! width ="65" | Date<br />
! width ="330" | Details<br />
! width ="130" | Notable Early Sources<br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 1<br />
|[[Khadijah bint Khuwaylid]]<br />
|Married<br />
|July 595.<br />
|She was a wealthy merchant from Mecca who employed the 24-year-old Muhammad and then proposed marriage. She was the mother of six of his children and a key character in the earliest development of Islam. She was Muhammad's only wife as long as she lived. She died in April 620.<br />
|<br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 82-83, 106-107, 111, 113-114, 160-161, 191, 313-314.</ref><br />
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 127-128}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 3-4}}</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:9-12, 39, 151-152.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 2<br />
|Sawda bint Zam'a<br />
|Married, though with limited rights.<br />
|May 620.<br />
|She was a tanner who had been an early convert to Islam. Muhammad married her at a time when he was unpopular and bankrupt. He considered divorcing her when, as the oldest and plainest of his wives , she no longer attracted him, but she persuaded him to keep her in the house and she gave up her turn to Aisha. <br />
| <br />
*Bukhari<ref>{{Bukhari|2|26|740}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 148, 309, 530.</ref><br />
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 128-130}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 169-170}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:39-42, 152.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 3<br />
|Aisha bint Abi Bakr<br />
|Married<br />
|Contracted May 620 but first consummated in April or May 623.<br />
|She was the daughter of Muhammad's best friend and head evangelist Abu Bakr. Muhammad selected the six-year-old Aisha in preference to her teenaged sister, and she remained his favourite wife. She contributed a major body of information to Islamic law and history. The paedophilic aspect of this relationship has institutionalised such marriages within Islam.<br />
| <br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 116, 223, 279-280, 311, 457, 464-465, 468, 493-499, 522, 535-536, 544, 649-650, 667, 678-688.</ref><br />
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 128-131}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 171-174}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:43-56, 152.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 4<br />
|Hafsa bint Umar<br />
|Married<br />
|January or February 625.<br />
|She was the daughter of Muhammad's wealthy friend Umar. Hafsa was the custodian of the autograph-text of the Qur'an, which was actually somewhat different from the standard Qur'an of today. <br />
| <br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 218, 301, 679.</ref><br />
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 131-132}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 174-175}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:56-60, 152.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 5<br />
|Zaynab bint Khuzayma<br />
|Married<br />
|February or March 625. <br />
|She was a middle-class widow known as "Mother of the Poor" because of her commitment to charity work. She died in October 625. <br />
| <br />
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 138}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 63-64}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:82, 152.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 6<br />
|Hind (Umm Salama) bint Abi Umayya<br />
|Married<br />
|April 626.<br />
|An attractive widow with four young children, Hind had been rejected by her aristocratic family in Mecca because they were so hostile to Islam. Her tact and practical wisdom sometimes mitigated Muhammad's cruelties. She was a notable teacher of Islamic law and a partisan of Ali.<br />
| <br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 146, 147, 150-153, 167-169, 213-214, 462, 529, 536, 546, 589, 680.</ref><br />
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 132}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 175-177}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:61-67, 152.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 7<br />
|Zaynab bint Jahsh<br />
|Married<br />
|March 627.<br />
|An early convert to Islam, Zaynab was the wife of Muhammad's adopted son Zayd ibn Harithah. She was also the Prophet's biological cousin. When Muhammad became infatuated with Zaynab, Zayd was pressured into a divorce. To justify marrying her, Muhammad announced new revelations that (1) an adopted son did not count as a real son, so Zaynab was not his daughter-in-law, and (2) as a prophet, he was allowed more than the standard four wives. Zaynab excelled at leather-crafts. <br />
| <br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 215, 495.</ref><br />
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 134}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 180-182}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:72-81, 152.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 8<br />
|Rayhana bint Zayd ibn Amr<br />
|Sexual slavery<br />
|May 627.<br />
|Her first husband was one of the 600-900 Qurayza men whom Muhammad beheaded in April 627. He enslaved all the women and selected Rayhana for himself because she was the most beautiful. She died shortly before Muhammad in 632. <br />
|<br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 466.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 137, 141}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 164-165}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:92-94, 153.</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 9<br />
|Juwayriyah bint Al-Harith<br />
|Married<br />
|January 628.<br />
|The daughter of an Arab chief, she was taken prisoner when Muhammad attacked her tribe. Muhammad did not make a habit of marrying his war-captives, but Aisha claimed that Juwayriyah was so beautiful that men always fell in love with her at first sight. <br />
|<br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 490-493.</ref><br />
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 133}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 182-184}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:83-85, 152.</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 10<br />
|Ramlah (Umm Habiba) bint Abi Sufyan<br />
|Married<br />
|July 628 (following a proxy wedding earlier in the year)<br />
|She was a daughter of Abu Sufyan, the Meccan chief who led the resistance against Muhammad, but she had been a teenaged convert to Islam. This marriage offset some of Muhammad's political humiliation in the Treaty of Hudaybiya by demonstrating that he could command the loyalty of his adversary's own daughter. Ramlah was devoted to Muhammad and quick to pick quarrels with people who were not.<br />
|<br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 146, 527-528, 529, 543.</ref><br />
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 133-134}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 177-180}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:68-71, 153.</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 11<br />
|[[Safiyah|Safiyah bint Huyayy]]<br />
|Married<br />
|July 628. <br />
|She was the beautiful daughter of a Jewish chief, Huyayy ibn Akhtab. Muhammad married her on the day he defeated the last Jewish tribe in Arabia, only hours after he had supervised the slaying of Kinana her second husband. His earlier victims had included her father, brother, first husband, three uncles and several cousins. This marriage was of no benefit to Safiyah's defeated tribe, who were banished from Arabia a few years later; its real political significance was that Safiyah's presence in Muhammad's household was an open demonstration that he had defeated the Jews.<br />
|<br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 241-242, 511, 514-515, 516-517, 520.</ref><br />
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 134-135}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 184-185}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:85-92, 153.</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 12<br />
|Maymunah bint Al-Harith<br />
|Married<br />
|February 629. <br />
|She was a middle-class widow from Mecca who proposed marriage to Muhammad. A placid woman who kept a very tidy house, Maymunah was completely obsessed with rules and rituals.<br />
|<br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 531, 679-680.</ref><br />
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 135}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 185-186}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:94-99, 153.</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 13<br />
|[[Mariyah the Sex Slave of the Holy Prophet|Mariyah bint Shamoon al-Quptiya]]<br />
|Sexual slavery<br />
|c. June 629. <br />
|She was one of several slaves whom the Governor of Egypt sent as a present to Muhammad. He kept her as a concubine despite the objections of his official wives, who feared her beauty. Mariyah bore Muhammad a son, Ibrahim. <br />
| <br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 653.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 137, 141}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 193-195}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:148-151.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 14<br />
|Mulayka bint Kaab<br />
|Divorced<br />
|January 630. <br />
|Her family resisted the Muslim invasion of Mecca. Needing to appease the conqueror, they gave him the beautiful Mulayka as a bride. When she realised that Muhammad's army had killed her father, she demanded a divorce, which he granted her. She died a few weeks later. <br />
|<br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|39|p. 165}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:106, 154.</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 15<br />
|Fatima ''al-Aliya'' bint Zabyan ''al-Dahhak''<br />
|Divorced<br />
|February or March 630. <br />
|She was the daughter of a minor chief who had converted to Islam. Muhammad divorced her after only a few weeks "because she peeked at men in the mosque courtyard." Fatima had to work for the rest of her life as a dung-collector, and she outlived all Muhammad's widows. <br />
|<br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 138}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 186-188}}. Despite the confusion over the name, she is probably also the woman referred to in {{Tabari|9|pp. 136-137}} and the “Fatima bint Shurayh” of {{Tabari|9|p. 139}}</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:100-101, 153.</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 16<br />
|Asma bint Al-Numan<br />
|Divorced<br />
|June or July 630. <br />
|She was a princess from Yemen whose family hoped the marriage alliance would ward off a military invasion from Medina. But Muhammad divorced her before consummation after Aisha tricked her into reciting the divorce formula. Asma later married a brother of Umm Salama. <br />
|<br />
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918 (here he has apparently confused her with Amra bint Yazid).</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|39|pp. 188-191}}. She is mentioned in {{Tabari|9|pp. 128-130}} but has apparently been partly confused with Amra bint Yazid.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:101-105, 153.</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 17<br />
|''Al-Jariya''<br />
|Sexual slavery<br />
|After 627. <br />
|She was a domestic slave belonging to Zaynab bint Jahsh, who made Muhammad a present of her. She seems to have been an "unofficial" concubine who did not have a regular turn on his roster. <br />
|<br />
*Ibn al-Qayyim<ref>Ibn al-Qayyim, ''Za’d al-Ma’ad'' 1:114.</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 18<br />
|Amra bint Yazid<br />
|Divorced<br />
|c. 631.<br />
|She was a Bedouin of no political importance. Muhammad divorced her before consummation when he saw she had symptoms of leprosy. <br />
| <br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Ibn Ishaq, cited in Guillaume, A. (1960). ''New Light on the Life of Muhammad'', p. 55. Manchester: Manchester University Press</ref><br />
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918 (here he has apparently confused her with Asma bint Al-Numan).</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 139}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 187-188}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:100-101.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 19<br />
|Tukana al-Quraziya<br />
|Sexual slavery<br />
|Unknown, but probably in the last months of Muhammad's life.<br />
|She was a member of the defeated Qurayza tribe whom Muhammad selected as one of his personal slaves. She appears to have been another "unofficial" concubine without a regular turn on the roster. After Muhammad's death, she married Abbas. <br />
| <br />
*Majlisi<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/hayat-al-qulub-vol2-allamah-muhammad-baqir-al-majlisi/54.htm/ Majlisi, ''Hayat al-Qulub'' 2:52].</ref><br />
*Ibn al-Qayyim.<ref>Ibn al-Qayyim, ''Zaad al-Ma’ad'' 1:114.</ref><br />
|}<BR><br />
<br />
===Engagements and Broken Contracts===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"<br />
! width ="10" | No.<br />
! width ="280" | Name<br />
! width ="130" | Date<br />
! width ="330" | Details<br />
! width ="130" | Notable early sources<br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 1<br />
|Ghaziya (Umm Sharik) bint Jabir<br />
|Early 627.<br />
|She was a poor widow with dependent children. She sent Muhammad a proposal of marriage, and he agreed to the contract. However, when he met her in person, he saw that, although attractive, she was "old", and he divorced her immediately. She never remarried.<br />
|<br />
*Ibn Hisham<ref>Ibn Hisham note 918.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 139}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:111-114.</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 2<br />
|Khawla bint Hudhayl<br />
|Probably mid- or late-627. <br />
|She was a princess from the powerful Christian Taghlib tribe in northern Arabia. Her uncle arranged the marriage, which was expected to be politically advantageous on both sides. Muhammad signed the contract, but Khawla died on her journey to Medina, before they met in person. <br />
|<br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 139}}; {{Tabari|39|p. 166}}</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:116.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 3<br />
|Sharaf bint Khalifa<br />
|Probably mid- or late-627. <br />
|She was an aunt of Khawla bint Hudhayl (above). After Khawla's death, the family tried to substitute Sharaf. In one tradition, Sharaf also died before consummation. In another tradition, Muhammad changed his mind and broke off the contract.<br />
|<br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 138}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:116-117.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 4<br />
|Layla bint al-Khutaym<br />
|After 627.<br />
|One of the first converts in Medina, Layla asked Muhammad to marry her so that her clan, the Zafar, would be the most closely allied to the Prophet. He agreed. However, Layla's family warned her that she was too "jealous and whip-tongued" to adapt well to polygamy, which would cause political problems for the whole community. Under this pressure, Layla broke off the engagement.<br />
|<br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 139}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:7, 108-109, 231.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 5<br />
|Umm Habib bint Al-Abbas<br />
|After March 630.<br />
|She was Muhammad's cousin. He saw her as a baby crawling around and remarked, "If I am alive when she grows up, I will marry her." He changed his mind when he found out that her father had been his foster-brother and died soon afterwards.<br />
|<br />
*Ibn Ishaq.<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 311.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari.<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 140}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd.<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:36.</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 6<br />
|Sana ''al-Nashat'' bint Rifaa (Asma) ibn As-Salt<br />
|c. April 630. <br />
|She was the daughter of a Muslim warrior who hoped to advance his career by becoming Muhammad's father-in-law. Muhammad signed the contract, but Sana died before the marriage could be consummated. <br />
|<br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 135-136}}; {{Tabari|39|p. 166}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:106-107.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 7<br />
|Umra bint Rifaa<br />
|c. May 630.<br />
|She was the sister of Sana (above). After Sana died, their father tried to interest Muhammad in Umra. At first he agreed, but he later changed his mind, ostensibly because Rifaa boasted that Umra "has never known a day's illness in her life."<br />
|<br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:107.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 8<br />
|Bint Jundub ibn Damra of Janda’a<br />
|Unknown.<br />
|Nothing is known about this woman except that Muhammad contracted marriage with her but divorced her before consummation. <br />
|<br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:106.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 9<br />
|Jamra bint Al-Harith<br />
|c. 631 <br />
|She proposed marriage to Muhammad, and he accepted. Her father informed him that she suffered from a serious disease, whereupon Muhammad broke off the engagement. According to the Muslim chroniclers, her father arrived home only to find that she really had been afflicted with leprosy.<br />
| <br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 140-141}}</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 10<br />
|Al-Shanba’ bint Amr<br />
|January 632.<br />
|She was from a Bedouin tribe who appeared friendly to Muhammad but who had also been friends of the [[Qurayza]] tribe. Al-Shanba’ insulted Muhammad on the first day by implying that he was not a true prophet, and he divorced her immediately.<br />
|<br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 136}}.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 11<br />
|Qutayla (Habla) bint Qays<br />
|May 632.<br />
|She was a cousin of Asma bint Al-Numan, and the Yemenites sent her to Muhammad as a substitute bride. He signed the marriage contract but he died before Qutayla arrived in Medina. As soon as she heard that he was dead, she apostated from Islam. Soon afterwards she married an Arab chief who was a leader in the Apostasy Wars.<br />
|<br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|pp. 138-139}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:105.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 12<br />
|Mary, mother of Jesus<br />
|The Afterlife.<br />
|Muhammad said that Allah had wedded him in Heaven to the Virgin Mary, who was one of the four perfect women. The Qur'an refers several times to Mary, praising her chastity and affirming the virgin birth of Jesus. Muhammad said she lived in a beautiful jewelled palace in Paradise next to Khadijah's.<br />
|<br />
*Qur'an<ref>{{Quran-range|3|33|51}}; {{Quran-range|19|16|40}}; {{Quran|21|91}}; {{Quran|66|12}}.</ref><br />
*Bukhari<ref>[http://www.searchtruth.com/book_display.php?book=55&translator=1&start=91&number=633/ Sahih Bukhari 4:55:642]. {{Bukhari|5|58|163}}.</ref><br />
*Muslim<ref>{{Muslim|31|5965}}.</ref><br />
*Majlisi<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/hayat-al-qulub-vol2-allamah-muhammad-baqir-al-majlisi/ Majlisi, ''Hayat al-Qulub'' 2:26].</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 13<br />
|Queen Asiya of Egypt<br />
|The Afterlife.<br />
|Muhammad said that Allah had wedded him in Heaven to Queen Asiya, who was one of the four perfect women. The Qur'an tells how Asiya rescued the infant Moses from the evil Pharaoh, and how Pharaoh later tortured his wife to death for her monotheism. Muhammad said that Asiya's palace in Heaven was on the other side of Khadijah's.<br />
|<br />
*Qur'an<ref>{{Quran-range|28|4|13}}; {{Quran|66|11}}.</ref><br />
*Muslim<ref>{{Muslim|31|5966}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Kathir<ref>[http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1298&Itemid=122/ Ibn Kathir, ''Tafsir''] on {{Quran|66|11}}.</ref><br />
*Majlisi<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/hayat-al-qulub-vol2-allamah-muhammad-baqir-al-majlisi/ Majlisi, ''Hayat al-Qulub'' 2:26].</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 14<br />
|Kulthum bint Amram<br />
|The Afterlife. <br />
|Muhammad originally believed that Maryam the sister of Moses and Maryam the mother of Jesus were one and the same. When he realised his mistake, he apparently over-corrected by deciding that Moses' sister was not even named Maryam. He renamed her Kulthum ("Chubby Cheeks") and said that Allah had wedded her to him in Heaven. He did not say that she was a perfect woman or that she lived next to Khadijah.<br />
|<br />
*Qur'an<ref>{{Quran-range|19|27|28}}.</ref><br />
*Muslim<ref>{{Muslim|5|326}}.</ref><br />
*Majlisi<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/hayat-al-qulub-vol2-allamah-muhammad-baqir-al-majlisi/ Majlisi, ''Hayat al-Qulub'' 2:26].</ref><br />
<br />
|}<BR><br />
<br />
===Refused Proposals===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;"<br />
! width ="10" | No.<br />
! width ="280" | Name<br />
! width ="130" | Date<br />
! width ="330" | Details<br />
! width ="130" | Notable early sources<br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 1<br />
|Fakhita (Umm Hani) bint Abi Talib<br />
|before 595;<br />
January 630;<br />
<br />
c. 631<br />
|Muhammad proposed to his cousin Fakhita, but her father married her off to a wealthy Makhzumite poet.<br />
<br />
Nearly forty years later, after Muhammad conquered Mecca, Fakhita's husband fled rather than convert to Islam, causing an automatic divorce. Muhammad proposed to Fakhita again, but she refused, saying she could not be equally fair to a new husband and her young children.<br />
<br />
Later still, Fakhita came to Muhammad, saying her children had grown up and she was finally ready to marry him; but he said she was too late.<br />
|<br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 181, 184, 404-405, 551-552, 557, 689.</ref><br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 140}}; {{Tabari|39|pp. 170-171}}</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:109-110.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 2<br />
|“As Many Wives as You Want”<br />
|c.618-619.<br />
|The chiefs of Mecca offered Muhammad "as many wives as you want in marriage," together with wealth, political power and the services of a competent exorcist, if only he would stop insulting their gods. Muhammad refused this offer, which was made while Khadijah was still alive.<br />
|<br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|6|pp. 106-107}}.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 3<br />
|Habiba bint Sahl<br />
|c. 623.<br />
|Habiba was a prominent member of the Najjar clan in Medina. When the chief died with no obvious heir, Muhammad proposed to Habiba. His companions warned him that the women of Medina were not used to polygamy and that the men were very jealous for the happiness of their daughters; if this marriage turned out badly, key citizens might withdraw their support from Islam. Muhammad retracted his proposal, but the Najjar clan made him their chief anyway.<br />
| <br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 235.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:288-289.</ref><br />
*Abu Dawud<ref>{{Abudawud|12|2219}}; {{Abudawud|12|2220}}; {{Abudawud|12|2221}}.</ref><br />
*Muwatta<ref>{{Muwatta|20|10|31}}.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 4<br />
|''Al-Ansariya''<br />
|After 625.<br />
|This unnamed woman proposed to Muhammad in Hafsa's presence. Hafsa decried the shame of a woman who would throw herself at a man, but Muhammad retorted, "She is better than you because she wanted me while you only find fault." He refused the proposal, but promised the woman a reward in Paradise for asking.<br />
<br />
In fact several ''ansar'' women are said to have proposed to Muhammad; while this example is anonymous, it clearly refers to a woman who is distinct from Layla bint Khutaym.<br />
|<br />
*Majlisi<ref>[http://www.al-islam.org/hayat-al-qulub-vol2-allamah-muhammad-baqir-al-majlisi/54.htm/ Majlisi, ''Hayat al-Qulub'' 2:52].</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 5<br />
|Khawla bint Hakim<br />
|After 627.<br />
|This is the same Khawla bint Hakim who arranged Muhammad's marriages to Aisha and Sawda. Her first husband was Hafsa's uncle, and their elder son fought at Badr. After being widowed, Khawla asked Muhammad to marry her, but he refused without giving a reason. However, he found her a new husband the same day.<br />
|<br />
*Ibn Ishaq<ref>Guillaume/Ishaq 590</ref><br />
*Bukhari<ref>{{Bukhari|7|62|24}}; {{Bukhari|7|62|58}}; {{Bukhari|7|62|63}}; {{Bukhari|7|62|66}}.</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:114.</ref><br />
*Ibn Kathir<ref>[http://www.qtafsir.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1839&Itemid=89/ Ibn Kathir, ''Tafsir''] on {{Quran|33|50}}.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 6<br />
|Dubaa bint Amir<br />
|After 627. <br />
|Dubaa was a wealthy noblewoman to whom Muhammad sent a marriage proposal when he heard about her beautiful long hair that filled a whole room when she sat down. But by the time she accepted him, he had been advised that she was “elderly” (her grown-up son had been born from her third marriage) so he retracted his proposal before he had even met her.<br />
|<br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 140}}</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:111.</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 7<br />
|Izza bint Abi Sufyan<br />
|After July 628. <br />
|She was the sister of Muhammad’s wife Ramlah. Ramlah proposed Izza as a bride, "since, as I cannot be your only wife, I would like to share my good fortune with my sister." But Muhammad said he could not marry two sisters concurrently.<br />
|<br />
*Muslim<ref>{{Muslim|8|3412}}; {{Muslim|8|3413}}.</ref><br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 8<br />
|Durrah bint Abi Salama<br />
|After July 628.<br />
|She was the daughter of Muhammad's wife Hind. Another wife, Ramlah, noticed that Muhammad admired Durrah and asked if he intended to marry her. He replied that he could not marry his stepdaughter; and besides, her father had been his foster-brother. On the day Muhammad died, Durrah was only six years old.<br />
|<br />
*Muslim<ref>{{Muslim|8|3412}}; {{Muslim|8|3413}}.</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 9<br />
|Umama bint Hamza<br />
|After March 630.<br />
|She was Muhammad's cousin and said to be the prettiest girl in the family. Ali proposed her as a bride while she was still a child, but Muhammad said that he could not marry her because her father had been his foster-brother. She later married his stepson, Salama ibn Abi Salama.<br />
|<br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:115-116.</ref> <br />
<br />
|-<!-- New row starts here --><br />
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" | 10<br />
|Safiyah bint Bashshama<br />
|September 630. <br />
|She was a war-captive from Mesopotamia. Muhammad asked her to marry him, but when she said she wanted to return to her husband, he allowed her family to ransom her. It is said that her family cursed her for placing her personal happiness above the political needs of the tribe.<br />
|<br />
*Al-Tabari<ref>{{Tabari|9|p. 140}}</ref><br />
*Ibn Sa'd<ref>Bewley/Saad 8:109-111.</ref> <br />
<br />
|}<BR><br />
<br />
{{Core Women}}<br />
<br />
==See Also==<br />
<br />
{{Hub4|Lists|Lists}}<br />
{{Hub4|Muhammad's Wives|Muhammad's wives and concubines}}<br />
<br />
{{Translation-links-english|[[Списък с жените и наложничките на Мухаммад|Bulgarian]], [[Lista delle Mogli e Concubine di Maometto|Italian]]}}<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|30em}}<br />
[[Category:Muhammad]] <br />
[[Category:Islam and Women]]<br />
{{page_title|List of Muhammad's Wives and Concubines}}</div>Iqra Naveedhttps://wikiislam.net/index.php?title=The_Meaning_of_Consummate&diff=109686The Meaning of Consummate2014-09-09T22:04:57Z<p>Iqra Naveed: /* Conclusion */</p>
<hr />
<div>This article discusses the meaning of the word '''consummate''' as mentioned in [[sahih]] [[hadith]].<br />
==Introduction==<br />
<br />
Some [[apologists]] refuse to accept the existence of [[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Aisha#Aisha.27s_Age_at_Consummation_and_Marriage|narrations given by Aisha]] in which she states that she was [[Marriage|married]] to Prophet [[Muhammad]] when she was six years old and that he consummated his marriage with her when she was nine [[Islamic Lunar Calendar|lunar years]] of age, even though these are recorded in Bukhari's sahih ahadith collection. <br />
<br />
These apologists will usually resort to questioning the English translation <ref>[{{Compendium-of-muslim-texts-base-url}}/hadith/muslim/ USC's Compendium of Muslim texts - translated by Dr. Mushin Khan]</ref> of [[Dr.]] Mushin Khan, without addressing the ahadith in their original [[Arabic]]. This article will examine the Arabic language used in the narrations concerning [[Aisha|Aisha's]] marriage to Muhammad, in order to show that Muhammad did in fact have [[Sex|sexual intercourse]] with Aisha when she was nine years old.<br />
<br />
==Consummating the Marriage==<br />
<br />
Although there are numerous narrations regarding the age of Aisha when she was married, the one that is most often a point of contention is the following:<br />
<br />
{{quote |{{Bukhari|7|62|64}} | Narrated 'Aisha : <br />
that the Prophet '''married''' her when she was six years old and he '''consummated his marriage''' when she was nine years old.<br />
<br />
''An Ayeshath Radhiyallahu Anha : AnnaNnabiyya Sallallahu Alaihi Vasallama Tha'''zawwaj'''aha vahiya binthu sitha sineen, va '''udkhilath''' alaihi vahiya binthu this’in.'' }}<br />
<br />
In this narration, the word ''"udkhilath"'' was translated by Dr. Mushin Khan to mean ''"consummated his marriage."''<br />
<br />
===Interpretations of "Consummate"===<br />
<br />
Some apologists claim that Muhammad ''"zawaj'ed"'' Aisha when she was six, and ''"nikah'ed"'' her when she was 9 years old. <ref>[http://www.islamic-awareness.org/Polemics/aishah.html Muslim Answers - 'The young age of Aishah' by Abd ar-Rahmân Robert Squires]</ref> They claim that ''"zawaj"'' means ''"betrothal"'' and ''"[[nikah]]"'' means ''"marriage."'' After stating this, they claim that Dr. Mushin Khan's translation is "poor" because he has (allegedly) added "consummation of" to the meaning of 'nikah', instead of simply rendering it as "marriage". Thereby, they claim that Dr. Khan has added a sexual connotation to the narration in question which was not intended. <br />
<br />
Others accept Dr. Khan's translation, but argue as to the meaning of "consummate" as they too, disagree with the implied sexual connotation. The usual reasoning given for this interpretation of the ahadith in question, is that 'consummation' could be interpreted as 'completion' of the marriage or wedding ceremony - as in completion of a business transaction. However this is not correct, as the word 'dakhala' does not simply mean 'consummate' in English, but it actually translates as the English phrase 'consummate the marriage.' <br />
<br />
Essentially what they are doing when they attack the meaning of 'consummate' is that they are addressing the English word but not the Arabic (dakhala). While 'consummate' can sometimes mean 'completion' (as in a business transaction), the Arabic word 'dakhala' carries no such meaning or connotation.<br />
<br />
Furthermore, a fluent English speaker will never take 'consummate the marriage' to mean 'complete the marriage' or 'enter the marriage', but will always understand it to mean 'sexual intercourse.' It is the only possible way to understand this euphemism. This is what Muslims fail to understand; ie. the meaning of the verb is dependent on the object in question. As the object in this case is marriage, the verb 'consummate' refers to sexual intercourse. This is because of the historical English (or more correctly Catholic) custom in which a marriage is considered to be consummated once the sexual act has taken place. <br />
<br />
It used to be that a marriage could be annulled if the sexual act was not performed; ie. if the marriage was not 'consummated.' This has been the definition for centuries. From ancient times until quite recently, the linen from the wedding bed was displayed to the relatives of the couple after the wedding night in order to prove consummation. A bride was expected to be a virgin, and a blood-stained sheet left no doubt as to both the bride's honor and the finality of the marriage contract (through consummation); and there was now no question as to the legality of the marriage.<br />
<br />
== Dakhala ==<br />
<br />
The Arabic text shows that the claims of Muslims as to their interpretation of the words 'zawaj' and 'nikah' are incorrect. Bukhari uses 'zawaj' and 'nikah' interchangeably as synonyms to mean marriage (as does {{Quran|33|37}}, {{Quran|44|54}} and {{Quran|52|20}}). <br />
<br />
Next, according to the narration in question, the relevant word used is not 'nikah', but 'udkhilath'.<br />
<br />
The root of the verb "udkhilath" is "dakhala" - which means to "enter". This is the most common Arabic meaning, although there are other definitions - none of which can be used in this case, given the context of this hadith. <br />
<br />
Again, seeking to interpret it in a way that they can feel comfortable with, some Muslims will seek to cast doubt onto the correct meaning of "dakhala" ('sexual intercourse' in the given context) by pointing to these other definitions; often presented and claimed to be a 'complete list' of definitions, yet conveniently omitting the sexual definition:<br />
<br />
{{quote||The full definition of دخل (dakhala) :<br />
* insert, enter, thrust, admit, drive in, let in, show in, make or let enter <br />
* turmoil, turbulence, topsy-turvy, abnormality, fuddle, tangle, riot, ruction, restiveness, chaos, fuss, disorder, clutter, confusion, commotion, defectiveness, disturbance, tumult, imperfection <br />
* aberration, imperfection, defect, blemish, abnormality, flaw, fault, vice, shortcoming <br />
* yield, revenue, proceeds, income, earnings, taking <br />
* conscience, innermost feelings, inward thoughts, inner self, soul, design <br />
* doubtfulness, doubt, mistrust, uncertainty, overconcern, peradventure, incertitude, suspicion, extreme solicitude, abnormal anxiety, anxiety <br />
* tie-in, pertinence, concern, connection, connectedness, contact, conjunction, association, business, yoke, nexus, linkup, liaison, linkage, link, relevance, affair <br />
* imperfection, vice, flaw, shortcoming, blemish, aberration, defect, fault, abnormality}}<br />
<br />
=== Dictionary entries on Dakhala ===<br />
<br />
An English definition for dakhala, which is commonly found on the Internet is as follows:<br />
<br />
{{quote |Hans-Wehr Arabic-English Dictionary p273| to enter, to pierce, to penetrate, to consummate the marriage, cohabit, sleep with a woman.}}<br />
<br />
Some Muslims will attack the Hans-Wehr definition, thinking that each definition is a separate alternative. Unfortunately for them, all the Hans-Wehr definitions are exactly the same. <br />
<br />
Just as in the English language, "consummate the marriage" is a euphemism for sexual intercourse. <br />
<br />
"Cohabit" does not merely mean that you live under the same roof, but that you are actually living together in a sexual relationship. <br />
<br />
"Sleeping with a woman" does not merely mean that you share the same bed, but that you are engaging in a sexual relationship. <br />
<br />
Applying the meaning of dakhala to the original narration in question, it is clear that the object - "marriage" - is absent in relation to the verb 'dakhala.' The object of this hadith is Aisha herself. This means that Muhammad 'dakhala'ed her - grammatically, he 'udkhilath alaihi'. Therefore it is clear that the meaning is that he "entered" or "had sexual intercourse with" her.<br />
<br />
Here are a couple of other translations of the word "dakhala": <br />
<br />
{{quote | [http://www.studyquran.co.uk/LLhome.htm Lane's Lexicon] | - <br />
he, or it, entered; or went, came, passed, or got in; to enter, go in, join one’s self in company, visit, intrude, meddle, have intercourse with, go into (one’s wife), intrigue, penetrate, deceit, corrupt. The primary signification is a thing that enters into another thing and is not of it. <ref>[http://www.studyquran.co.uk/LLhome.htm Lane's Lexicon - E.W. Lane, volume three, pp. 858-861]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
{{quote | The Dictionary of the Holy Quran |<br />
He had an unsoundness in his intellect, or in his body, or in his grounds of pretension to respect; his affair, or case, or state, was, or became, intrinsically bad or corrupt or unsound. Income, or revenue, or profit that comes in, or accrues, to a man from his immovable property, such as land and houses and palm trees, and from merchandise. A disease; a fault, defect, or blemish, and particularly in one’s grounds of pretension to respect. Tangled, or luxuriant, or abundant and dense, trees. <ref>The Dictionary of the Holy Quran - 1st edition, Abdul Mannan Omar, pp. 174-175</ref> }}<br />
<br />
It is clear that the only meaning of dakhala applicable to the context of the hadith is 'sexual intercourse.'<br />
<br />
== Dakhala in the Qur'an ==<br />
<br />
Here is the complete list of the [[Qur'an|Qur'anic]] verses containing the word "dakhala": <br />
<br />
* dakhala - {{Quran|3|37}}, {{Quran|3|97}}, {{Quran|4|23}}, {{Quran|4|23}}, {{Quran|5|23}}, {{Quran|5|61}}, {{Quran|7|38}}, {{Quran|12|36}}, {{Quran|12|58}}, {{Quran|12|68}}, {{Quran|12|69}}, {{Quran|12|88}}, {{Quran|12|99}}, {{Quran|15|52}}, {{Quran|17|7}}, {{Quran|18|35}}, {{Quran|18|39}}, {{Quran|24|61}}, {{Quran|27|34}}, {{Quran|28|15}}, {{Quran|38|22}}, {{Quran|51|25}}, {{Quran|71|28}} <br />
* yadkhulu - {{Quran|2|111}}, {{Quran|2|114}}, {{Quran|2|214}}, {{Quran|3|142}}, {{Quran|4|124}}, {{Quran|5|22}}, {{Quran|5|24}}, {{Quran|7|40}}, {{Quran|7|46}}, {{Quran|12|67}}, {{Quran|13|23}}, {{Quran|16|31}}, {{Quran|17|7}}, {{Quran|19|60}}, {{Quran|24|27}}, {{Quran|24|28}}, {{Quran|24|29}}, {{Quran|33|53}}, {{Quran|35|33}}, {{Quran|40|40}}, {{Quran|40|60}}, {{Quran|48|27}}, {{Quran|49|14}}, {{Quran|68|24}}, {{Quran|110|2}} <br />
* udkhul - {{Quran|2|58}}, {{Quran|2|208}}, {{Quran|4|154}}, {{Quran|5|21}}, {{Quran|5|23}}, {{Quran|7|38}}, {{Quran|7|49}}, {{Quran|7|161}}, {{Quran|12|67}}, {{Quran|12|99}}, {{Quran|15|46}}, {{Quran|16|29}}, {{Quran|16|32}}, {{Quran|27|18}}, {{Quran|27|44}}, {{Quran|33|53}}, {{Quran|36|26}}, {{Quran|39|72}}, {{Quran|39|73}}, {{Quran|40|76}}, {{Quran|43|70}}, {{Quran|50|34}}, {{Quran|66|10}}, {{Quran|89|29}}, {{Quran|89|30}} <br />
* dukhila - {{Quran|33|14}}. <br />
* dakhil - {{Quran|5|22}}, {{Quran|66|10}} <br />
* dakhal - {{Quran|16|92}}, {{Quran|16|94}}. <br />
* muddakhal - {{Quran|9|57}}<br />
* mudkhal - {{Quran|4|31}}, {{Quran|17|80}}, {{Quran|22|59}}.<br />
* adkhala - {{Quran|5|65}}, {{Quran|21|75}}, {{Quran|21|86}}. <br />
* yudkhilu - {{Quran|3|192}}, {{Quran|3|195}}, {{Quran|4|13}}, {{Quran|4|14}}, {{Quran|4|31}}, {{Quran|4|57}}, {{Quran|4|122}}, {{Quran|4|175}}, {{Quran|5|12}}, {{Quran|5|84}}, {{Quran|9|99}}, {{Quran|22|14}}, {{Quran|22|23}}, {{Quran|22|59}}, {{Quran|29|9}}, {{Quran|42|8}}, {{Quran|45|30}}, {{Quran|47|6}}, {{Quran|47|12}}, {{Quran|48|5}}, {{Quran|48|17}}, {{Quran|48|25}}, {{Quran|58|22}}, {{Quran|61|12}}, {{Quran|64|9}}, {{Quran|65|11}}, {{Quran|66|8}}, {{Quran|76|31}}. <br />
* adkhil - {{Quran|7|151}}, {{Quran|17|80}}, {{Quran|27|12}}, {{Quran|27|19}}, {{Quran|40|8}}, {{Quran|40|46}}. <br />
* udkhila - {{Quran|3|185}}, {{Quran|14|23}}, {{Quran|71|25}}. <br />
* yudkhalu - {{Quran|70|38}} <br />
<br />
In all ayats except {{Quran|16|92}} and {{Quran|16|94}} (as dakhal means 'deception'), the meaning is "to enter" or to "gain admittance" or "be granted admission" to some location such as a house, gate, fire, paradise, hell, someone's presence etc. <br />
<br />
In the Qur'an, dakhala is never used to mean 'participation'; like the English phrases "enter a transaction" or "enter a marriage" or a "completion" of any activity. <br />
<br />
===Qur'an 4:23 ===<br />
<br />
There is only ''one'' instance (and that is twice in {{Quran|4|23}} that the verb 'dakhala' is used in relation to marriage or women - and it is clear that the meaning is sexual intercourse. Here is a selection of translations that translate 'dakhaltum' to mean 'sexual intercourse':<br />
<br />
{{quote |[http://www.quran4theworld.com/translations/Majid/4.htm Quran 4:23 - Daryabadi]| <br />
''Hurrimat AAalaykum ommahatukum wabanatukum waakhawatukum waAAammatukum wakhalatukum wabanatu al-akhi wabanatu al-okhti waommahatukumu allatee ardaAAnakum waakhawatukum mina alrradaAAati waommahatu nisa-ikum waraba-ibukumu allatee fee hujoorikum min nisa-ikumu allatee '''dakhaltum''' bihinna fa-in lam takoonoo '''dakhaltum''' bihinna fala junaha AAalaykum wahala-ilu abna-ikumu allatheena min aslabikum waan tajmaAAoo bayna al-okhtayni illa ma qad salafa inna Allaha kana ghafooran raheeman''<br />
<br />
'''Daryabadi:''' Forbidden unto you are your mothers and your daughters and your sisters and your father's sisters and your mother's sisters, and your brother's daughters and your sister's daughters. and your foster mothers and your foster sisters, and the mothers of your wives and your step-daughters, that are your wards, born of your wives unto '''whom ye have gone in''', but if ye have not '''gone in unto them''', no sin shall be on you, and the wives of your sons that are from your own loins, and, also that ye should have two sisters together, except that which hath already passed; verily Allah is ever Forgiving, Merciful. }}<br />
<br />
{{quote|{{Quran|4|23}}| <br />
'''Qaribullah:''' Forbidden to you are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your paternal aunts and maternal aunts, your brother's daughters, your sister's daughters, your mothers who have given suck to you, your suckling sisters, your wives mothers, and your stepdaughters who are in your care from your wives '''with whom you have lain''', but if you have never '''lain with them''' it is no fault in you. (Also forbidden to you) are the wives of your sons who are of your loins, and to take to you two sisters together unless it is a thing of the past. Allah is the Forgiver and the Most Merciful. <ref name="ia-423">{{quran-ia|4|23}}</ref>}}<br />
<br />
{{quote|{{Quran|4|23}}| <br />
'''Darwish:''' Forbidden to you are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your paternal aunts and maternal aunts, your brother's daughters, your sister's daughters, your mothers who have given suck to you, your suckling sisters, your wives mothers, and your stepdaughters who are in your care from your wives '''with whom you have lain''', but if you have never '''lain with them''' it is no fault in you. (Also forbidden to you) are the wives of your sons who are of your loins, and to take to you two sisters together unless it is a thing of the past. Allah is the Forgiver and the Most Merciful. <ref>[http://www.allah.com/cgi-bin/mt.cgi?lang=en&cfile=TheKoran#C5 Quran 4:23 - Darwish]</ref> }}<br />
<br />
{{quote|{{Quran|4|23}}| <br />
'''Sarwar:''' You are forbidden to marry your mothers, daughters, sisters, paternal aunts, maternal aunts, nieces, your foster-mothers, your foster-sisters, your mothers-in-law, your step-daughters whom you have brought up and with whose mothers you have '''had carnal relations'''. It would not be a sin to marry her if you did not '''have carnal relations''' with her mother. You are forbidden to marry the wives of your own sons and to marry two sisters at the same time without any adverse affect to the such relations of the past. God is All-forgiving and All-merciful. <ref name="ia-423"/> }}<br />
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{{Quote|{{Quran|4|23}}| <br />
'''Ahmed Ali:''' Unlawful are your mothers and daughters and your sisters to you, and the sisters of your fathers and your mothers, and the daughters of your brothers and sisters, and foster mothers, foster sisters, and the mothers of your wives, and the daughters of the wives you have '''slept with''' who are under your charge; but in case you have not '''slept with them''' there is no offence (if you marry their daughters); and the wives of your own begotten sons; and marrying two sisters is unlawful. What happened in the past (is now past): God is forgiving and kind. <ref>[http://arthursclassicnovels.com/arthurs/koran/koran-ahmed-ali10.html Quran 4:34 - Ahmed Ali]</ref> }}<br />
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{{Quote|{{Quran|4|23}}| <br />
'''Maududi:''' Forbidden to you are your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your father's sisters and your mother's sisters, your brother's daughters and your sister's daughters, your milk-mothers, your milk-sisters, the mothers of your wives, and the stepdaughters - who are your foster-children, born of your wives with whom you have '''consummated the marriage'''; but if you have not '''consummated the marriage''' with them, there will be no blame upon you (if you marry their daughters). <ref>[http://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php?sura=4&verse=23&to=25 Tafheem ul Quran - Syed Abul Ala Maududi - Quran 4:23]</ref> }}<br />
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{{quote|{{Quran|4|23}} | <br />
'''Shakir:''' Forbidden to you are your mothers and your daughters and your sisters and your paternal aunts and your maternal aunts and brothers' daughters and sisters' daughters and your mothers that have suckled you and your foster-sisters and mothers of your wives and your step-daughters who are in your guardianship, (born) of your wives to whom you have '''gone in''', but if you have not '''gone in''' to them, there is no blame on you (in marrying them), and the wives of your sons who are of your own loins and that you should have two sisters together, except what has already passed; surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful. <ref name="ia-423"/> }}<br />
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{{quote|{{Quran|4|23}}| <br />
'''Hilali/Khan:''' Forbidden to you (for marriage) are: your mothers, your daughters, your sisters, your fathers sisters, your mothers sisters, your brothers daughters, your sisters daughters, your foster mother who gave you suck, your foster milk suckling sisters, your wives mothers, your step daughters under your guardianship, born of your wives to whom you have '''gone in''' - but there is no sin on you if you have not '''gone in''' them (to marry their daughters), - the wives of your sons who (spring) from your own loins, and two sisters in wedlock at the same time, except for what has already passed; verily, Allah is OftForgiving, Most Merciful. <ref name="ia-423"/> }}<br />
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{{quote || <br />
''' Ibn Kathir:''' [وَأُمَّهَـتُ نِسَآئِكُمْ وَرَبَائِبُكُمُ اللَّـتِى فِى حُجُورِكُمْ مِّن نِّسَآئِكُمُ اللَّـتِى دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَإِن لَّمْ تَكُونُواْ دَخَلْتُمْ بِهِنَّ فَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْكُمْ]<br />
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(Your wives' mothers, your stepdaughters under your guardianship, born of your wives unto whom you have gone in - but there is no sin on you if you have not gone in unto them,) As for the mother of the wife, she becomes prohibited for marriage for her son-in-law when the marriage is conducted, whether the son-in-law '''has sexual relations''' with her daughter or not. As for the wife's daughter, she becomes prohibited for her stepfather when he '''has sexual relations''' with her mother, after the marriage contract is ratified. If the man divorces the mother before '''having sexual relations''' with her, he is allowed to marry her daughter. <ref>[http://tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=4&tid=10749 Tafsir 'Ibn Kathir - Quran 4:23 (excerpt)]</ref> }}<br />
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Therefore we see that the eminent scholars of Islam translate the verb 'dakhaltum' (the root word is dakhala) to mean 'sexual intercourse', because the literal meaning is to "enter", "insert into", "penetrate", or "pierce" a woman. It does not mean "enter a marriage" - it means "enter" the woman. <br />
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== Bana Biha ==<br />
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To further confound the Muslim apologist, the Bukhari ahadith use another phrase to convey the fact that Muhammad had sexual intercourse with Aisha:<br />
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{{quote|{{Bukhari|5|58|236}}| Narrated Hisham's father :<br />
Khadija died three years before the Prophet departed to Medina. He stayed there for two years or so and then he married 'Aisha when she was a girl of six years of age, and he '''consummated his marriage''' when she was nine years old.<br />
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''An Hisham An Abeehi Qala thuwaffiyath Khadijathu qabla makhrajannabiyyi sallallahu Alaihi Vasallama ilal Madeenathi bi thalatha sineenaa falabitha sanathaini ou qareeban min dhalika va nakaha Ayesha vahiya binthu sithi sineena thumma '''bana biha''' vahiya binthu this”I sineen.''}}<br />
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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|65}}| Narrated 'Aisha that the Prophet married her when she was six years old and he '''consummated his marriage''' when she was nine years old. Hisham said: I have been informed that 'Aisha remained with the Prophet for nine years (i.e. till his death)."<br />
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''An Ayesha th AnnaNabiyya Sallallahu alaihi vasallama thazawwajaha vahiya binthu Sitha sineena, va '''bana biha''' vahiya binthu This”I sineen. Qala Hisham : Va unbiethu Annaha kanath Indahu This”I Sineen.''}}<br />
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The Arabic word ''"bana"'' means to ''"build"'' or ''"construct."'' However, if we add ''"biha"'' which means 'with her' (biha being a feminine verb in Arabic), then the meaning is entirely different. Literally, ''"bana biha"'' means ''"build with her."'' This is a phrase that is commonly used to denote intimate sexual relations. <br />
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If we say in Arabic: 'Muhammad bana bi Aisha', the meaning is: 'Muhammad had intercourse with Aisha.' This is the only possibly Arabic understanding of the phrase. Therefore, again, it is apparent that Dr. Mushin Khan has used the euphemism "consummated the marriage" to denote the sexual act. <br />
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Other Bukhari ahadith that use the phrase ''"bana biha"'' to mean sexual intercourse (although not between Muhammad and Aisha) include: Sahih Bukhari 4:53:353 and Sahih Bukhari 7:62:87.<br />
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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|4|53|353}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "A prophet amongst the prophets carried out a holy military expedition, so he said to his followers, 'Anyone who has married a woman and wants to '''consummate the marriage''', and has not done so yet, should not accompany me; nor should a man who has built a house but has not completed its roof; nor a man who has sheep or shecamels and is waiting for the birth of their young ones.' So, the prophet carried out the expedition and when he reached that town at the time or nearly at the time of the 'Asr prayer, he said to the sun, 'O sun! You are under Allah's Order and I am under Allah's Order O Allah! Stop it (i.e. the sun) from setting.' It was stopped till Allah made him victorious...}}<br />
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{{Quote|{{Bukhari|7|62|87}}|Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet said, "A prophet among the prophets went for a military expedition and said to his people: "A man who has married a lady and wants to '''consummate his marriage''' with her and he has not done so yet, should not accompany me.' "}}<br />
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== Conclusion ==<br />
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A reading of the relevant Bukhari ahadith make it clear that Muhammad had sexual intercourse with Aisha when she was nine years of age. The terms used are: ''"udkhilath"'' and ''"bana biha"'', which can only mean ''"sexual intercourse"'' in the context of the ahadith. <br />
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The confusion from Muslims regarding this comes from their lack of understanding regarding the English phrase "consummation of marriage", their ignorance of Arabic and their unwillingness to admit that their prophet had sexual intercourse with a nine year old GIRL.<br />
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Instead of attacking the English phrase "consummation of the marriage", it might better serve Muslim apologists to read the relevant ahadith in the original Arabic.<br />
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{{Core Pedophilia}}<br />
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==See Also==<br />
*[[Aisha Age of Consummation|Aisha's Age of Consummation]]<br />
{{Hub4|Islamic Terms|Islamic Terms}}<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category: Muhammad and Aisha]]<br />
[[Category:Pedophilia]]<br />
[[Category:Muhammad]]<br />
[[Category:Terms and Definitions]]<br />
[[Category:Khalil Fariel]]</div>Iqra Naveed