Muslim Statistics (Population)
WikiIslam Archive,
Archives of the first iteration of WikiIslam, prior to acquisition and revamp by Ex-Muslims of North America
|
This page contains statistics concerning the world's Muslim population. For further statistics of a related nature, see Mosques.
Contents
- 1 Growth Rates and Conversions
- 1.1 Worldwide
- 1.2 Afghanistan
- 1.3 Africa
- 1.4 Bangladesh
- 1.5 Belgium
- 1.6 Denmark
- 1.7 Egypt
- 1.8 France
- 1.9 Germany
- 1.10 India
- 1.11 Iran
- 1.12 Israel
- 1.13 Kosovo
- 1.14 Kyrgyzstan
- 1.15 Lebanon
- 1.16 Malaysia
- 1.17 Morocco
- 1.18 Netherlands
- 1.19 Norway
- 1.20 Nigeria
- 1.21 Pakistan
- 1.22 Russia
- 1.23 Sweden
- 1.24 Turkey
- 1.25 United Kingdom
- 1.26 United States
- 1.27 Yemen
- 2 Prison Population
- 3 References
Growth Rates and Conversions
Worldwide
That's a rise from less than 20 percent in 1990.
. . .
The Muslim share of the global population will rise primarily because of their relatively high birth rate, the large number of Muslims of childbearing age, and an increase in life expectancy in Muslim-majority countries, according to the report, "The Future of the Global Muslim Population."
Only a tiny 3% of the world's Muslims live in "more-developed regions".
Afghanistan
Africa
According to Shaykh Ahmed Katani, in Africa, 6 million Muslims convert to Christianity every year: (English Translation | Arabic)
A 2010 Pew study confirms that Christians now outnumber the Muslim population.
Bangladesh
The story is the same. So-called intermediaries, who are also ethnic Tripuri, visit poverty-stricken communities where they convince families to send their children to a mission hostel, charging between 6,000 and 15,000 taka (US$ 500 to 1,200) for school and board. After pocketing the money, the intermediaries sell the children to Islamic schools elsewhere in the country.
The latest case involved 11 children, ten boys and a girl, from Thanchi, Ruma and Lama in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. Their story has a happy ending though. After six months of threats and violence, the children were able to escape thanks Hotline Human Rights Trust, a Dhaka-based civil rights organisation that defends minorities run by a Catholic woman, Rosaline Costa.[7]Belgium
Almost half of all Antwerp schoolchildren in 2011 are Muslim, a 12% jump since 2007/8.
In response to a request for information by the nationalist Vlaams Belang party, Education Alderman Robert Voorhamme disclosed that, of the 10,743 students in the Antwerp municipal primary schools system, just under half chose Islamic studies.
“This is 45.5 percent or an increase of just under twelve percent compared to the 2007-2008 school year”, said Voorhamme – and demonstrates the rapid Islamisation of the city.[8]Denmark
“I would say that there are 100-150 Muslims in Denmark who convert each year,” says Intercultural Studies Expert Mogens Mogensen Ph. D.
Mogensen has carried out the most extensive survey ever of conversions from Islam to Christianity in Denmark. The survey concludes that almost 1,000 Muslims converted between 1980 and 2007.
“But in recent years the phenomenon has increased. Probably as a result of the fact that through education and work, Muslims have had much closer contact with Christians in Denmark and their values. We see a clear correlation between integration and the number of conversions,” Mogensen says.
The Ecclesiastical Integration Service (KIT), an umbrella organisation for 230 migrant congregations in Denmark, agrees that there is a considerable increase in the number of conversions.
“My clear feeling is that this has speeded up over the past two years. We get a lot more approaches from Muslims who want to learn more about Christianity,” says KIT Leader Henrik Lund.
One of the congregations that preaches Christianity for former Muslims is the Greater Love congregation at Vigerslev Church in Copenhagen.
“Over the past two years we have had an increasing number of Muslims who come to be embraced by Christianity than all of the previous years put together. They experience religious freedom in Denmark and for the first time many can choose the religion they want,” says Priest Nabil Astafanos.[9]Egypt
To describe the evolution of the Muslim and Coptic communities in Egypt we showed the proportion of Egyptian Christians according to the population census of the 20th century (Table 1). We notice a slow decline over the period observed : Christians were 8% of the whole population at the beginning of the century (1907) and they become 5% in 1996 (Courbage and Fargues, 1997). During the second half of the 20th century, Egyptian Muslims birth rate has been constantly over 30% of the Christians birth rate (Courbage and Fargues, 1997 : 293) (Table 2).
Egyptian Demographic and Health Surveys data for the years 1988, 1992 and 1995, confirms census data. We consider first the number of children per woman according to woman age and religion, then the number of children ever born per woman according to woman age and religion. Results are show in figure 1 and 2 : birth rate of Muslim women is bigger than the one of Christian women, and the trend is constant over time.
. . .
Elena Ambrosetti and Nahid Kamal note in their brief paper "The relationship between religion and fertility: the case of Bangladesh and Egypt" that not only has the Egyptian Christian TFR been consistently 15% lower than the Egyptian Muslim TFR in the 1988-1995 period, but that over the 1944-1980 period crude birth rates among Muslims did not fall to the level of the crude birth rates among Christians at the beginning of this period. Thus, even though the Egyptian Christian population more than tripled from 1907 to 1996, from from 913 thousand to 3 321 thousand, the Egyptian Muslim population grew more quickly.[12]
Sadly, the vulnerability and abduction of Coptic Christians is not a new problem. Going back to the 1970s, when Anwar Sadat used Islamism to solidify his leadership of Egypt, Coptic women and girls have been abducted, forced to marry their captors, and coercively converted to Islam. No doubt, in some cases, women chose to elope, marry across religious lines and cut off relations with their families. Yet the Egyptian government’s claim that this is what has happened to every one of thousands of disappeared women and girls defies reason.
. . .
France
. . .
Muslims each year are converting to Christianity - around 10,000 to Catholicism and 5,000 to Protestantism.
. . .
Germany
India
. . .
Muslims have considerably higher fertility than any other religious group. Muslim women have a TFR of 4.4, which is 1.1 children higher than the TFR for Hindu women.[18]
. . .
More than 9,500 Indians, including 1,197 Muslims, were interviewed face-to-face last year and this year for the poll.
. . .
The Muslim population has increased 200 per cent in four decades, according to the 2001 census.
Iran
According to unofficial sources, in the past five years, one million Iranians, particularly young people and women, have abandoned Islam and joined Evangelical churches.
This phenomenon has surprised even the missionaries who carry out their activities in secret in Iran.[20]Many high ranking government officials and Islamic religious leaders have also made statements expressing concern over the spread of Christianity. Ayatollah Jafar Sobhani, a prominent Islamic theologian and writer, publicly spoke about the conversion of 600 people to Christianity in the city of Neishabour, according to a local newspaper in the Southern Khoarasan Province. The Head of the Ministry of Intelligence in Iran, Heydar Moslehi, also warned the heads of education in Iran about the spread of Christianity in schools.[21]
The findings of a recent government survey show that the dangers of such groups regarding cultural and moral matters have reached a critical level. The survey also reveals that New-age Satanist groups are more active in central and south-west Iran, especially in Shiraz (924 KMs South of Tehran) and Karaj (25 KMs, North-West of Tehran) than elsewhere.
Members of such groups range in age from 16 to 24 and boys show 10 times more interest than girls in joining these Satanist groups. The survey also indicates that internet and private parties are the primary ways used to attract youth.[22]Israel
Israel’s population is currently about 75 percent Jewish, with the remaining 25 percent most Arab Muslims (with some Arab Christians and Druze). [These percentages of course exclude the millions of Palestinians living in Gaza and West Bank]
Dr. Wahid Abd Al-Magid, editor of Al-Ahram's Arab Strategic Report, has predicted that Arabs may become a majority in Israel in 2035, and “will certainly be the majority in 2048."
. . .
Kosovo
. . .
For every convert, anecdotal evidence suggests more go to church or are interested in Christianity.
The Catholic church is not the only one active in Kosovo. Since 1985, says Artur Krasniqi, a Protestant pastor, as many as 15,000 Kosovar Albanians have converted to Protestantism: 2,000 regularly attend church.[26]. . .
About 40 people from Kravaseri village, home to around 100 families, have reverted since 2008 to their ancestors' religion, shedding light on the phenomenon of crypto-Catholics.
. . .
-- 'A recipe for survival' -- Under Ottoman rule many Christians converted to Islam to avoid the high taxes imposed on them while churches and monasteries were turned into mosques.
But in Kosovo, many kept the faith in secret, taking Muslim names and participating in Islamic rites but remaining Christians in their inner spiritual life, said local bishop Shan Zefi.
. . .
"The more Kosovo moves towards a more European society the more apparent this phenomenon will become."
Kyrgyzstan
The percentage of Muslims declined from 84 percent of the total population in 2001 to 79.3 percent in 2004, state-run Rossia reported quoting Omurzak Mamayusupov, the director of the religious affairs committee in the country.
In terms of figures, he added, some 100,000 Muslims, of the country’s five million population, have converted to Christianity.[28][29]Lebanon
. . .
While the surveyed communities in this study are not representative of all communities in Lebanon, they point out to a very interesting pattern of large fertility differentials between Christians and Muslims in poor and deprived settings. This is in addition to the surprising finding that the total fertility rate of Christians (in these settings) is well below the replacement level.
Malaysia
This figure includes about 100,000 Malay Muslims who have declared themselves Christians.
This announcement was made on a TV Forum entitled "Pekerti Islam" in the Malaysian State of Kedah recently which was aired by RTM (Malaysian TV & Radio Department) at 2 pm this evening.
Another 100,000 Muslims are in the process of filing for apostasy while the rest are filing in to have their Muslim name changed to "other religion name"
"This figure does not include individuals who don't do solat, doesn't fast and breaks all the tenets of Islam" he said.
According to the Perak Mufti he has personally received a letter from the American Christian Missionary Association which accuse the Malaysian (?) / Perak (?) religious authorities of being cruel (or mean) for not allowing about 30,000 Malay Muslims to convert out to Christianity.[31]Morocco
Netherlands
Mosque attendance is dropping faster than church attendance (machine translated from the original Dutch).
In 1998 was 47 percent of Muslims once a month to the mosque in 2008 that only 35 percent. "Half is rarely, if ever," reports CBS.
The percentage of Catholics who regularly visit services, dropped from 31 to 23 percent.
Again turn Protestants, including but PKN'ers and (experimentally) Calvinists are the most faithful churchgoers. Among them was therefore hardly a drop in sight: 63 percent visit at least once a month worship. Of these, half each week.
Volunteer
Especially the PKN'ers, and to a lesser extent, the Calvinists, show a strong commitment to the community by working as volunteers. People of other denominations and unchurched less so. According to the chart that the CBS does, Muslims are the least involved in the community.
CBS calls it "remarkable" that the church membership in the large cities increased, whereas in all other areas is declining.[33]Norway
State statistics bureau SSB reported last week that 53 percent of Norway’s new citizens were women and a third of all new citizens were under the age of 18.
Immigrants from Afghanistan followed those from Somalia as the next-largest group of new citizens, with 1,300 officially becoming Norwegian. Persons from Iraq were third, totalling 950 new citizens.
All told, 41 percent of the new Norwegian citizens came from Asia, and 32 percent from Africa. Around 18 percent came from other European countries.[34]Nigeria
Pakistan
Russia
. . .
as a result of what happened in Beslan, the proportion of Muslims in North Ossetia has decreased at least by 30%, while in Beslan itself, where Muslims had comprised from 30 to 40% of the population, their number has decreased at least by half.
‘As even Muslim sources confirm, after each terrorist action, thousands and may be even dozens of thousands of ethnic Muslims adopt baptism’[40]. . .
'Less than 3,000 ethnic Russian have converted to Islam for the last 15 years,' Silantyev said.
According to the researcher, for the same period almost 2 million ethic Muslims have become Orthodox Christians for the same period. Over 400 Russian Orthodox clergy belong to traditionally Muslim ethnic groups, 20 percent of Tatars are Christian, and 70 percent of interfaith marriages result in the Muslim spouse conversion to Christianity.[41]Sweden
During the same period, Muslim immigration and natural increase among Swedish Muslims have accounted for slightly over 41% of Sweden’s total population growth.[42]
Turkey
United Kingdom
Muslim families also had the largest number of children. Over a quarter (27 per cent) of Muslim families had three or more dependent children, compared with 14 per cent of Sikh, 8 per cent of Hindu, and 7 per cent of Christian families.
The larger proportion of families with children and larger family sizes is partly a reflection of the younger age structure of the Muslim population, but may also reflect their intentions to have larger families. Many Muslims have a Pakistani or Bangladeshi background and it has been shown that these ethnic groups intend to have on average over 3 children, compared with around 2 for the White population.[45]Growth of Islam in the UK stems from immigration. 54% of UK Muslims are foreign born.
The recruiters – often paid £5,000 for each success – are stepping up ‘aggressive conversion’ tactics, especially around universities, religious leaders believe.
. . .
The problem was most common in cities such as Birmingham, Leeds and Bradford, he added, while London universities had ‘at least two or three cases’ each.
United States
Growth of Islam in the US stems from immigration.
. . .
When it comes to the U.S., however, the Pew survey offers a figure significantly smaller than those favored by the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) and other organizations. Pew says there are 2.454 million Muslims in the U.S., about 0.8 percent of the country’s total population[50].
Yemen
Prison Population
Belgium
The share of foreigners has remained stable since 1995, fluctuating just above 40% (40.6% in 2009). The largest group of non-Belgian detainees consists of North Africans and Turks and has continually increased from 1993 to 2009, going from 1,254 to 1,957.
This same group represented 43.6% of non-Belgian detainees in 2009.[53]France
India
Yet that notion has come under strain in recent days, with an official panel having concluded that Muslims, India's largest religious minority, are "lagging behind" on most things that matter
. . .
Commissioned by the State Minorities Commission as a follow-up to the Sachar Committee report which lamented that "in Maharashtra Muslims account for 10.6% (2001 survey) of the general population, yet they comprise 32.4 % of the prison population" (the current prison population is 36%), the report is being hotly debated among government officials. Last week, at a meeting called by minorities affairs minister Naseem Khan, officials discussed a number of measures to not just prevent Muslim youth from committing crimes but also to provide legal aid to the imprisoned and rehabilitate them post-release.[56]
Italy
"Of the 27,000 foreign detainees, one third of them are Muslim," said Capace told Adnkronos.
"The increase in tension in the situation of Afghanistan and Iraq could (also) have repercussions.
"Due to the overcrowding in the cells and the high number of foreign detainees, with so many of them of the Islamic faith, the prison cell could become a place where petty criminals are tempted by jailed members of terror organisations," said Capace.[57]Netherlands
Spain
The largest Islamic organization in the country, the Islamic Committee of Spain, has welcomed this initiative, taking into account that 70 percent of those in Spanish jails are Muslims, who number around 54,000.
Last Ramadhan a number of Spanish jails changed their meal times to conform to the Ramadhan meal times of their Muslim inmates, and provided them with prayer areas within the prisons. But in those prisoners where such arrangements were not made, there were protests.
Spain with its 40-million population, which is 94 percent Catholic, has a Muslim community of around 600,000.[58]United Kingdom
There are 229 Muslims out of a total of 686 youngsters detained at Feltham Young Offenders’ Institution in West London, according to Ministry of Justice figures.[62]
One in five males (21%) in young offender institutions (YOIs) identified themselves as Muslim in 2011/12, compared with 13% in 2009/10 and 16% in 2010/11, the annual review of children and young people in custody showed.[63]
. . .
In terms of the self-declared religions of the 103 terrorism-related and historic prisoners, 100 defined themselves as Muslim.[64]
United States
References
- ↑ Richard Allen Greene - World Muslim population doubling, report projects - CNN News, January 27, 2011
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Tolerance and Tension: Islam and Christianity in Sub-Saharan Africa - The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, April 15, 2010
- ↑ The Future of the Global Muslim Population - The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, January 27, 2011
- ↑ Tom Coghlan - Afghan court resists Karzai's overture to spare Christian's life - The Telegraph, March 26, 2006
- ↑ Christians now outnumber Muslims in sub-Saharan Africa by 2 to 1 - Catholic Culture, April 19, 2010
- ↑ Global Christianity: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population - The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life, December 19, 2011
- ↑ Nozrul Islam, "Almost 300 Christian children abducted and forcibly converted to Islam in Bangladesh", AsiaNews, June 9, 2012 (archived), http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Almost-300-Christian-children-abducted-and-forcibly-converted-to-Islam-in-Bangladesh-25745.html.
- ↑ Almost Half of Primary Schoolchildren in Antwerp Muslim - HLN.BE (Dutch), May 30, 2011
- ↑ Jakob Sheikh, "Christianity attracts Danish Muslims", Politiken, February 7, 2011 (archived), http://politiken.dk/newsinenglish/ECE1188715/christianity-attracts-danish-muslims/.
- ↑ Muslim Convert to Christianity Prevented From Leaving Egypt - AINA, September 26, 2009
- ↑ Elena Ambrosetti (University La Sapienza, Italy) and Nahid Kamal (LSE, UK) - The relationship between religion and fertility: the case of Bangladesh and Egypt - Office of Population Research, Princeton University
- ↑ How many Copts are there? or, More on questionable population figures - Demography Matters, March 19, 2011
- ↑ Rep. Christopher H. Smith - SMITH: Escalating violence against Coptic women and girls - The Washington Times, July 26, 2012
- ↑ Muslims converts face ostracism in France - Zee News, February 6, 2007
- ↑ Deutsch‐Türkische Lebens‐ und Wertewelten 2012 ("German-Turkish Life and Values 2012") - INFO GmbH (Berlin), August 17, 2012
- ↑ Germany's 'failed' multiculturalism carries on regardless - The Guardian, September 1, 2012
- ↑ K.B. Sahay - "Incentives and Disincentives" - Hindustan Times, December 19, 1995
- ↑ K.M. Mathew, ed.: Manorama Yearbook 1996, p.458-459.
- ↑ India/Islam: A third of India’s Muslims say they are suffering - International Islamic News Agency, December 18, 2011
- ↑ Iran: Parliament to discuss death penalty for converts who leave Islam - AKI, March 19, 2008
- ↑ Officials in Iran frantically deny spread of the gospel - Mohabat News, December 15, 2011
- ↑ Satanism is growing among Iranian youth - Mohabat News, January 8, 2012
- ↑ Israeli Muslim Birth Rate is Double that of Jews - Jewish Virtual Library, February 2003
- ↑ 24.0 24.1 Palash R. Ghosh - High Arab birth rate in Israel raises concerns about country’s Jewish identity - International Business Times, February 4, 2011
- ↑ Yaron Druckman - Israel on New Year: Population of 7,797,400 - YNet News, September 26, 2011
- ↑ "Christians in Kosovo: Conversion rate", The Economist, December 30, 2008 (archived), http://www.economist.com/node/12868180.
- ↑ Kosovo Catholics practice faith openly - Agence France-Presse, August 11, 2012
- ↑ Damir Ahmad - Proselytization Eats Away At Muslim Majority In Kyrgyzstan - IslamOnline, June 26, 2004
- ↑ Elizabeth Kendal - Authorities Consider Countering Christian Mission - Religious Liberty Monitoring, June 30, 2004
- ↑ Afamia Kaddour - Christian - Muslim Fertility Differences in Poor Settings in Greater Beirut, Lebanon - Office of Population Research, Princeton University
- ↑ Oleh Ekmal Yusof - Hundreds of thousands of Malay Muslims have filed for apostasy - HarakahDaily, February 14, 2006
- ↑ Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, "Morocco: General situation of Muslims who converted to Christianity, and specifically those who converted to Catholicism; their treatment by Islamists and the authorities, including state protection (2008-2011)", 10 November 2011, MAR103889.FE (archived)
- ↑ Jeroen Langelaar - Steeds minder Nederlanders naar kerk of moskee - Elsevier, July 29, 2009
- ↑ "Most new citizens from Somalia", Views and News, May 29, 2012 (archived), http://www.newsinenglish.no/2012/05/29/most-new-citizens-from-somalia/.
- ↑ A waxing crescent - The Economist, January 27, 2011
- ↑ Kidnapped Pakistani Christian may be sold abroad - Catholic Culture, June 13, 2011
- ↑ Minority MPA says young Hindu girls subjected to gross injustice in Pakistan - ANI, March 1, 2012
- ↑ 2,000 minorities girls converted to Islam forcibly: report - Daily Times, September 5, 2012
- ↑ ASIA/PAKISTAN - Blasphemy and forced conversion: two young Christians rescued in Lahore - Fides News Agency, March 19, 2013
- ↑ 2 million ethnic Muslims adopted baptism in Russia while only 2,5 thousand Russians converted to Islam - expert - Interfax, November 1, 2005
- ↑ 20Mln Muslims in Russia and mass conversion of ethnic Russians are myths - expert - Interfax, April 10, 2007
- ↑ Ingrid Carlqvist & Lars Hedegaard - Muslim Population in Sweden and Denmark Doubled in 14 Years - Dispatch International, accessed October 9, 2012
- ↑ Many Turks Become Christians - UPI, January 23, 2004
- ↑ Anthony Browne - Muslim apostates cast out and at risk from faith and family Muslim apostates cast out and at risk from faith and family - The Sunday Times, February 5, 2005
- ↑ "Focus on Families: Muslim families most likely to have children", Office for National Statistics (statistics.gov.uk), p. 8, July 2005 (archived from the original), http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/theme_compendia/fof2005/families.pdf&date=2011-04-16.
- ↑ Jodie Reed, "Young Muslims in the UK: Education and Integration", Institute for Public Policy Research, December 2005
- ↑ ‘Hindu girls targeted by extremists’ - Metro News, February 22, 2007
- ↑ Omar Shahid, "Confessions of an ex-Muslim", New Statesman, May 17, 2013 (archived), http://www.newstatesman.com/religion/2013/05/confessions-ex-muslim.
- ↑ Pew Research Center, Muslim Americans: Middle Class and Mostly Mainstream (Washington, DC, Pew Research Center: 2007)
- ↑ Patrick Goodenough - New Survey on Islam Calls Into Question Population Figure Used by Obama - CNS News, October 9, 2009
- ↑ Jane Novak - Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse Rates Very High in Yemen, Other Statistics - Armies of Liberation,November 8, 2008
- ↑ 52.0 52.1 52.2 52.3 Molly Moore - In France, Prisons Filled With Muslims - The Washington Post, April 29, 2008
- ↑ Le nombre de détenus non belges a quadruplé - DHnet.be (French), August 29, 2012 (English translation)
- ↑ Minority Muslims, 70% of French inmates - Press TV, November 23, 2011
- ↑ Somini Sengupta - Muslims missing out on India's economic growth - Asia - Pacific - International Herald Tribune - The New York Times, November 29, 2006
- ↑ Mohammed Wajihuddin - 36 % of Maharashtra’s prisoners are Muslims - The Times of India, June 3, 2012
- ↑ Italy: Ramadan may be used to 'recruit militants' in prison - AKI, Septembber 4, 2009
- ↑ Spain: Muslims in prison allowed performing congregational prayers - Dubai Government, Islamic Affairs & Charitable Activities Department, May 16, 2008
- ↑ Alexandra Frean and Rajeev Syal - Community divided on terrorism and security - The Sunday Times, July 4, 2006
- ↑ Muslim fanatic prisoners to be 'de-programmed' using controversial techniques to 'cure' them of beliefs - The London Evening Standard, October 18, 2008
- ↑ Home Correspondent, Richard Ford - Security Minister Lord West stopped and searched under Terrorism Act - The Sunday Times, November 27, 2009
- ↑ A THIRD of inmates at Feltham youth jail are Muslims... and more convert to get better food - Mail Online, January 21, 2012
- ↑ More Muslim men in youth jails - South Yorkshire Times, December 6, 2012
- ↑ Kounteya Sinha, "Terror charge: 56 Indians held in UK since 2001", The Times of India, September 13, 2013 (archived), http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-09-13/uk/42040005_1_offences-terrorism-act-persons.
- ↑ Mark White, "Inmates Bullied Into Converting To Islam", Sky News, October 20, 2013 (archived), http://news.sky.com/story/1156989/inmates-bullied-into-converting-to-islam.
- ↑ Alan Travis, "Proportion of Muslim prisoners in England and Wales doubles in decade", The Guardian, November 14, 2013 (archived), http://www.theguardian.com/society/2013/nov/14/muslim-prisoners-double-england-wales-ministry-justice.
- ↑ Testimony of Dr. Michael Waller - United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, October 14, 2003
- ↑ Hillel Fendel - Islamic Influence in U.S. Prisons - Arutz Sheva, April 28, 2004
- ↑ U.S. prisons becoming Islam battleground - The Multifaith Library, July 14, 2005
- ↑ Ian Peterson - Peter King’s Radical Hearings on “Radicalization” - CAIR-Chicago, June 24, 2011