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The '''List of expeditions of Muhammad''', also includes a '''list of battles by Muhammad's order''' and comprises information about casualties, objectives, and nature of the military expeditions ordered by [[Muhammad]], as well as the primary sources which mention the Battles.
The '''List of expeditions of Muhammad''', also includes a '''list of battles by Muhammad's order''' and comprises information about casualties, objectives, and nature of the military expeditions ordered by [[Muhammad]], as well as the primary sources which mention the Battles. While the term ghazwa is typically translated "expedition" (even in this article), it was sometimes used in a non-military sense, for example the 'Umrah pilgrimage which appears in the list below. A ghazwa (pl. ghazawat) is an expedition in which Muhammad himself participated, while a sariyyah (pl. saraya) is an expedition sent out by Muhammad but led by a companion.


==List of Battles==
==The sῑra-maghāzī literature==
Detailed information and chronology about the raids, expeditions and battles conducted by Muhammad derive from the narratives compiled in the sῑra-maghāzī genre of literature (biography/expeditions) and associated hadiths. Academic scholars increasingly treat the Quran itself as the primary historical source through which the later material is tested, though few battles are explicitly named therein.
 
Academic scholars have determined that the later material is unreliable for a variety of reasons, though has some historical value when treated cautiously. Regarding the expedition literature generally, Professor Sean Anthony has argued in his book ''Muhammad and the Empires of Faith'' that the initial, formative compilation of this material took impulse from the late Umayyad court (late 7th/early 8th century CE). The corpus of traditions existed independently of the court, but their formation into sῑra-maghāzī works was a product of political intervention. Anthony contends that "the rhetoric of empire in Late Antiquity profoundly shaped this corpus".<ref>Sean Anthony, ''Muhammad and the Empires of Faith: The making of the Prophet of Islam'', Oakland CA: University of California, 2020, pp. 175-6</ref>
 
The hadith and sῑra-maghāzī literature speak frequently of the dominion (mulk) of the prophet and his community (ummah). This triumphalist view of the emergence of the early Islamic community "served to sustain and legitimize that community's hegemony, the supremacy of its ruling elite, and the expansionist policy of the burgeoning polity."<ref>Sean Anthony, ''Muhammad and the Empires of Faith'', p. 177</ref> An open access book chapter by Adrien de Jarmy identifies a gradual trend in the historical development of the sirah genre towards Muhammad being portrayed as a "warrior-prophet".<ref>Adrien de Jarmy, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1163/j.ctv29sfq7f.9?seq=17#metadata_info_tab_contents Dating the Emergence of the Warrior-Prophet in Maghāzī Literature: Second/Eighth to the Fourth/Tenth Century.] in The Presence of the Prophet in Early Modern and Contemporary Islam: Volume 1, The Prophet Between Doctrine, Literature and Arts: Historical Legacies and Their Unfolding, edited by Denis Gril et al., Brill, 2022, pp. 79–99.</ref>
 
A source which stands out as more significant are the letters of 'Urwa b. al-Zubayr, the nephew of Aisha. A series of letters from 'Urwa to the late Umayyad court in answer to various historical queries are preserved in the work of al-Tabari, while some narratives therefrom also appear in other sources. More information and a summary of the relevant letters is given in the article [[Jihad in Islamic Law]] and they are translated in full in chapter four of Anthony's book. For a number of reasons these letters are considered more credible than later sources, and detail a small number of raids and battles: the raid on Nakhlah, the battle of Badr, the conquest of Mecca, the battle of Hunayn and the seige of al-Ta'if. Other significant conflicts which many academic scholars consider to credibly have some historicity but which are not mentioned by 'Urwa in his letters are Uhud, Banu Mustaliq, the Ditch, Banu Qurayza, and Khaybar. It may be noted that 'Urwa's letters respond to specific questions about historical events, so we should not expect them to be a comprehensive list of all expeditions undertaken or ordered by Muhammad.
 
'Urwa also narrates in his first letter the two forced migrations from Mecca faced by the believers following persecutions which he calls the first and final fitnahs, in the first case to Abyssinia, and the second time to Medina. Bearing in mind this context, Islamic modernist scholars argue that the most well evidenced expeditions are in line with the Quranic principles that fighting is in self-defense or pre-emptive (or more specifically, for proportionate retaliation or to stop religious persecution - see the discussion in the article [[Jihad in Islamic Law]]). This view is of course contested by other Islamic and academic scholars.
 
==List of Expeditions==


;Key/Legend
;Key/Legend
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! style="background: pink;" |4
! style="background: pink;" |4
|Invasion of Waddan
|Invasion of Waddan
|August 623 <ref name="autogeneratedy">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=4|quote=GHAZWAH OF AL-ABWA* Then (occurred) the ghazwah of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, at al-Abwa in Safar (August 623 AC)}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=12|quote=In Safar (which began August 4, 623), nearly twelve months after his arrival in Medina on the twelfth of Rabi' al- Awwal, he went out on a raid as far as Waddan}}</ref>
|August 623 <ref name="autogeneratedz">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=4|quote=GHAZWAH OF AL-ABWA* Then (occurred) the ghazwah of the Apostle of Allah, may Allah bless him, at al-Abwa in Safar (August 623 AC)}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=The foundation of the community |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ctvk-fdtklYC&pg=PA12|first= Al|last= Tabari |year= 2008| publisher = State University of New York Press|isbn=978-0887063442|page=12|quote=In Safar (which began August 4, 623), nearly twelve months after his arrival in Medina on the twelfth of Rabi' al- Awwal, he went out on a raid as far as Waddan}}</ref>
   
   
|Attack a Quraysh caravan which included camels<ref name="Wahhab p. 345" /><ref name="autogeneratedy" />
|Attack a Quraysh caravan which included camels<ref name="Wahhab p. 345" /><ref name="autogeneratedz" />
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|
*Unknown
*Unknown
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*Non-Muslims: 1 killed, 2 captured <ref name="online" />
*Non-Muslims: 1 killed, 2 captured <ref name="online" />
|
|
*{{Quran-usc|2|217}} <ref>{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA246| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=246}}</ref><ref>Muhammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, Mukhta?ar zad al-ma?ad, p. 347.</ref>
*{{Quran|2|217}} <ref>{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA246| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=246}}</ref><ref>Muhammad Ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, Mukhta?ar zad al-ma?ad, p. 347.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & [[Ibn Ishaq]]<ref>{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA247| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=247}} See footnote 1, page 247</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & [[Ibn Ishaq]]<ref>{{citation|title=The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r_80rJHIaOMC&pg=PA247| first=Saifur Rahman Al|last=Mubarakpuri|year=2005|publisher=Darussalam Publications|isbn=978-9960899558|page=247}} See footnote 1, page 247</ref>
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*Non-Muslims: 70 killed, 30-47 captured<ref>Mu?ammad A?mad Bashmil, The great battle of Badr, p. 122.</ref>
*Non-Muslims: 70 killed, 30-47 captured<ref>Mu?ammad A?mad Bashmil, The great battle of Badr, p. 122.</ref>
|
|
*{{Quran-usc|8|47}}, {{Quran-usc|68|25}}, {{Quran-usc|8|5}}, {{Quran-usc|8|6}} and more<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 133-138. ([http://www.webcitation.org/612cLy78j online])</ref>
*{{Quran|8|47}}, {{Quran|68|25}}, {{Quran|8|5}}, {{Quran|8|6}} and more<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 133-138. ([http://www.webcitation.org/612cLy78j online])</ref>
*{{bukhari|4|53|369}}, {{bukhari|5|59|357}}, {{abudawud|14|2716}}, {{bukhari|5|59|293}} <ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 137. ([http://www.webcitation.org/612cLy78j online])</ref>
*{{bukhari|4|53|369}}, {{bukhari|5|59|357}}, {{abudawud|14|2716}}, {{bukhari|5|59|293}} <ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 137. ([http://www.webcitation.org/612cLy78j online])</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & [[Ibn Ishaq]] <ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=210}}</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & [[Ibn Ishaq]] <ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=210}}</ref>
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*Unknown, some revenge killings<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.149-150" />
*Unknown, some revenge killings<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp.149-150" />
|
|
*{{Quran-usc|8|58}},<ref>{{citation | title= Al-Taw?id | volume = 5 | url =https://books.google.com/books?ei=gqIVTsfPE4i58gPsotUP&ct=result&id=7MfXAAAAMAAJ&dq=band|author= Sazman-i Tablighat-i Islami | place = Tehran, Iran |year=1987|publisher=Islamic Propagation Organization, International Relations Dept|page=86}}</ref> {{Quran-usc|3|118}},<ref>{{citation | title = The Koran| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=h-pqPwAACAAJ&dq | authorlink = John Medows Rodwell | first = JM | last = Rodwell |publisher= Phoenix|page= 342|isbn= 978-1-8421-2609-7  | quote = This was the taunt of the jews of the tribe of Kainoka, when Muhammad demanded tribute of them in the name of God.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Abu Khalil| first = Shawqi | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8BziirH6UKMC&pg=PA248 | title = Atlas of the Quran | publisher = Dar-us-Salam |year=2003|isbn= 978-9-9608-9754-7 | page = 248}}([http://www.webcitation.org/66JFc9Lzp online])</ref> {{Quran-usc|3|12}}, {{Quran-usc|3|13}}<ref>{{cite book|authors=Francis E. Peters|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KnAO36Jh6bMC&pg=PA78 |title=A Reader on classical Islam|publisher=Princeton University Press|year= 1993|isbn= 978-0691000404|page= 78}}</ref>
*{{Quran|8|58}},<ref>{{citation | title= Al-Taw?id | volume = 5 | url =https://books.google.com/books?ei=gqIVTsfPE4i58gPsotUP&ct=result&id=7MfXAAAAMAAJ&dq=band|author= Sazman-i Tablighat-i Islami | place = Tehran, Iran |year=1987|publisher=Islamic Propagation Organization, International Relations Dept|page=86}}</ref> {{Quran|3|118}},<ref>{{citation | title = The Koran| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=h-pqPwAACAAJ&dq | authorlink = John Medows Rodwell | first = JM | last = Rodwell |publisher= Phoenix|page= 342|isbn= 978-1-8421-2609-7  | quote = This was the taunt of the jews of the tribe of Kainoka, when Muhammad demanded tribute of them in the name of God.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last = Abu Khalil| first = Shawqi | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=8BziirH6UKMC&pg=PA248 | title = Atlas of the Quran | publisher = Dar-us-Salam |year=2003|isbn= 978-9-9608-9754-7 | page = 248}}([http://www.webcitation.org/66JFc9Lzp online])</ref> {{Quran|3|12}}, {{Quran|3|13}}<ref>{{cite book|authors=Francis E. Peters|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KnAO36Jh6bMC&pg=PA78 |title=A Reader on classical Islam|publisher=Princeton University Press|year= 1993|isbn= 978-0691000404|page= 78}}</ref>
*{{muslim|19|4364}}
*{{muslim|19|4364}}
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2 <ref>{{cite book | last =Sa'd|first= Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q=Qaynuqa|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir | volume =2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=32}}</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2 <ref>{{cite book | last =Sa'd|first= Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&q=Qaynuqa|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir | volume =2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=32}}</ref>
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! style="background: pink;" |32
! style="background: pink;" |32
|Invasion of Banu Qurayza
|[[The Massacre of the Banu Qurayza|Invasion of Banu Qurayza]]
|February–March 627 <ref name="The life of Mahomet">{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| author=[[William Muir]]|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9780766177413|page=317}}</ref>
|February–March 627 <ref name="The life of Mahomet">{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| author=[[William Muir]]|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9780766177413|page=317}}</ref>
   
   
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*Non-Muslims: 10 killed, 200 families taken captive<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 207-209" /><ref>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| author=[[William Muir]]|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9780766177413|page=310}} ([https://books.google.com/books?id=LMkUAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s original])</ref>
*Non-Muslims: 10 killed, 200 families taken captive<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 207-209" /><ref>{{citation|title= The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&printsec=frontcover| author=[[William Muir]]|publisher=Kessinger Publishing|year=2003|isbn=9780766177413|page=310}} ([https://books.google.com/books?id=LMkUAAAAYAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s original])</ref>
|
|
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|76|1|422}}
*{{bukhari|76|1|422}}
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|19|4292}}
*{{muslim|19|4292}}
*Ibn Hisham & [[Ibn Ishaq]] <ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=490}}</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & [[Ibn Ishaq]] <ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], Alfred Guillaume (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=490}}</ref>
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*Many captured by Muslims<ref name="Volume 8, Victory of Islam" />
*Many captured by Muslims<ref name="Volume 8, Victory of Islam" />
|
|
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|19|4345}}
*{{muslim|19|4345}}
*Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam<ref name="Volume 8, Victory of Islam" />
*Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam<ref name="Volume 8, Victory of Islam" />
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*Muslims: 1 killed
*Muslims: 1 killed
*Non-Muslims: 8 tortured to death<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19" /><ref>{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|1|4|234}}</ref>
*Non-Muslims: 8 tortured to death<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19" /><ref>{{Bukhari|1|4|234}}</ref>
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*[[Quran]] 5:33-39<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19" /><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmSQPIkTyN0C&pg=PA392 Tafsir ibn Kathir, Surai Madiah 5:39, "The Punishment of those who cause mischief in the Land"], and [http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=5&tid=13751 Tafsir ibn Kathir, 5:39, Text version]</ref>
*[[Quran]] 5:33-39<ref name="William Muir pp. 18-19" /><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmSQPIkTyN0C&pg=PA392 Tafsir ibn Kathir, Surai Madiah 5:39, "The Punishment of those who cause mischief in the Land"], and [http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=5&tid=13751 Tafsir ibn Kathir, 5:39, Text version]</ref>
*{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|1|4|234}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|505}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|7|71|623}} and more
*{{Bukhari|1|4|234}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|505}}, {{Bukhari|7|71|623}} and more
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |50
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |50
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*None
*None
|
|
*{{Quran-usc|48|24}}, {{Quran-usc|48|18}} <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 214-215" />
*{{Quran|48|24}}, {{Quran|48|18}} <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 214-215" />
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=211}}</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=211}}</ref>
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*None
*None
|
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*{{Quran-usc|59|6}},{{Quran-usc|59|7}}<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=kN3V_Cs6gswC&pg=PA554 Tafsir ibn Kathir (abridged), Pg 554, By Ibn Kathir, Translation by Saifur Rahman al Mubarakpuri], also see [http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=59&tid=53138 Tafsir ibn Kathir 59:7, Text Version]</ref>
*{{Quran|59|6}},{{Quran|59|7}}<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=kN3V_Cs6gswC&pg=PA554 Tafsir ibn Kathir (abridged), Pg 554, By Ibn Kathir, Translation by Saifur Rahman al Mubarakpuri], also see [http://www.tafsir.com/default.asp?sid=59&tid=53138 Tafsir ibn Kathir 59:7, Text Version]</ref>
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|19|2961}}
*{{muslim|19|2961}}
*Sunan Abu Dawud, Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal<ref>Ibn Kathir, Saifur Rahman al-Mubarakpuri (translator), [https://books.google.com/books?id=kN3V_Cs6gswC&pg=PA555 Tafsir ibn Kathir (abridged)], p. 555 (footnote 1 & 2).</ref>
*Sunan Abu Dawud, Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal<ref>Ibn Kathir, Saifur Rahman al-Mubarakpuri (translator), [https://books.google.com/books?id=kN3V_Cs6gswC&pg=PA555 Tafsir ibn Kathir (abridged)], p. 555 (footnote 1 & 2).</ref>
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*Jews: 93 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 238">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 238. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60y569zNt online])</ref>
*Jews: 93 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 238">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 238. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60y569zNt online])</ref>
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*{{Quran-usc|48|15}}, {{Quran-usc|48|20}}<ref>Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 432.</ref>
*{{Quran|48|15}}, {{Quran|48|20}}<ref>Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , p. 432.</ref>
*[[Sahih Bukhari]]
*[[Sahih Bukhari]]
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|19|4450}}<ref>Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , pp. 433-434.</ref>
*{{muslim|19|4450}}<ref>Mubarakpuri, The sealed nectar: biography of the Noble Prophet , pp. 433-434.</ref>
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! style="background: pink;" |54
! style="background: pink;" |54
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*Jews: 11 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 238" />
*Jews: 11 killed<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 238" />
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*{{Hadith-usc|muwatta|usc=yes|21|13|25|}}
*
{{muwatta|21|13|25|}}
 
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990" />
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990" />
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|Attack the Banu Kilab tribe<ref name="William Muir p. 83">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 83 (footnote 2).</ref>
|Attack the Banu Kilab tribe<ref name="William Muir p. 83">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 83 (footnote 2).</ref>
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*Many killed<ref name="William Muir p. 83" /><br>(at least 7 families killed<ref>{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2632}}</ref>) by Muslims
*Many killed<ref name="William Muir p. 83" /><br>(at least 7 families killed<ref>{{abudawud|14|2632}}</ref>) by Muslims
|
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*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2632}}
*{{abudawud|14|2632}}
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=146|quote=The Sariyyah of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, on Banu Kilab at Najd}}</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=146|quote=The Sariyyah of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, may Allah be pleased with him, on Banu Kilab at Najd}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
Line 688: Line 701:
*Some killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241" />
*Some killed by Muslims<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241" />
|
|
*{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|568}}
*{{Bukhari|5|59|568}}
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=149}}</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=149}}</ref>
*Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam<ref>{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| author=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein  (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504
*Tabari, Volume 8, History of Islam<ref>{{citation|title= Volume 8, Victory of Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sD8_ePcl1UoC&dq| author=Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein  (translator)|year=1997|publisher= State University of New York Press |isbn=9780791431504
Line 732: Line 745:
*Large amount killed,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241" /> and 1 captured by Muslims<ref name="Sa'd 1967 156" />
*Large amount killed,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 241" /> and 1 captured by Muslims<ref name="Sa'd 1967 156" />
|
|
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2672}}
*{{abudawud|14|2672}}
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 156" />
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 156" />
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
Line 774: Line 787:
*Non-Muslims: Unknown<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 246" />
*Non-Muslims: Unknown<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 246" />
|
|
*{{Quran-usc|19|71}} <ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 245. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zYNSZDg online])</ref>
*{{Quran|19|71}} <ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, p. 245. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zYNSZDg online])</ref>
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|5|59|565}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|5|59|565}}
*{{bukhari|5|59|565}}, {{bukhari|5|59|565}}
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |67
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |67
Line 785: Line 798:
*None, Qudah tribe flees<ref name="Sa'd 1967 162">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=162|quote=The Sariyyah of 'Amr Ibn al-'As towards DMt al-Salasil which is beyond Wadi al-Qura}}</ref>
*None, Qudah tribe flees<ref name="Sa'd 1967 162">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=162|quote=The Sariyyah of 'Amr Ibn al-'As towards DMt al-Salasil which is beyond Wadi al-Qura}}</ref>
|
|
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|5|59|644}}
*{{bukhari|5|59|644}}
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 162" />
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 162" />
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
Line 796: Line 809:
*None, caravan flees<ref name="Sa'd 1967 163" />
*None, caravan flees<ref name="Sa'd 1967 163" />
|
|
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|3|44|663}}, {{Hadith-usc|muslim|usc=yes|21|4757}}
*{{bukhari|3|44|663}}, {{muslim|21|4757}}
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 163" />
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 163" />
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
Line 828: Line 841:
|To divert the attention from his intention of attacking Mecca, he despatched 8 men to attack a caravan passing through Edam<ref name="Sa'd 1967 164">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=164|quote=THE SARIYYAH OF ABO QATADAH IBN RIB'I AL- ANSARl TOWORDS BATN IDAM.}}</ref>
|To divert the attention from his intention of attacking Mecca, he despatched 8 men to attack a caravan passing through Edam<ref name="Sa'd 1967 164">{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=164|quote=THE SARIYYAH OF ABO QATADAH IBN RIB'I AL- ANSARl TOWORDS BATN IDAM.}}</ref>
|
|
*1 Muslim killed by Muslims<ref>{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|43|7176}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxzFCrGdyQoC&pg=PA94|page=94}}</ref>
*1 Muslim killed by Muslims<ref>{{muslim|43|7176}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxzFCrGdyQoC&pg=PA94|page=94}}</ref>
|
|
*{{Cite quran|4|94}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxzFCrGdyQoC&pg=PA94|page=94}}</ref>
*{{Cite quran|4|94}}<ref>{{cite book|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147 2nd Edition|authors=Ibn Kathir, Muhammad Saed Abdul-Rahman (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GxzFCrGdyQoC&pg=PA94|page=94}}</ref>
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|43|7176}}
*{{muslim|43|7176}}
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 164" />
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 164" />
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
Line 843: Line 856:
| first=Maulana |last=Wahid Khan|year=2002|publisher=Goodword |pages=327–333}}</ref>
| first=Maulana |last=Wahid Khan|year=2002|publisher=Goodword |pages=327–333}}</ref>


#Abdullah b. Khatal<ref>{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|582}}</ref>
#Abdullah b. Khatal<ref>{{Bukhari|5|59|582}}</ref>
#Fartana (slave girl)<ref>{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2678}}</ref>
#Fartana (slave girl)<ref>{{abudawud|14|2678}}</ref>
#Huwayrith b. Nafidh<ref name="Wahid 327-333" />
#Huwayrith b. Nafidh<ref name="Wahid 327-333" />
#Miqyas b. Subabah<ref name="Wahid 327-333" />
#Miqyas b. Subabah<ref name="Wahid 327-333" />
Line 850: Line 863:
|
|
*[[Quran]] 12:91-92, {{Cite quran|34|49}}, {{Cite quran|49|13}}<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 251-253.</ref>
*[[Quran]] 12:91-92, {{Cite quran|34|49}}, {{Cite quran|49|13}}<ref>Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 251-253.</ref>
*{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|582}}, {{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2678}} and more
*{{Bukhari|5|59|582}}, {{abudawud|14|2678}} and more
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 165–174" />
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 165–174" />
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
Line 893: Line 906:
*Entire tribe taken prisoner, portion executed<ref name="William Muir p. 135" /><ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], [[Alfred Guillaume]] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=561}}</ref>
*Entire tribe taken prisoner, portion executed<ref name="William Muir p. 135" /><ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], [[Alfred Guillaume]] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=561}}</ref>
|
|
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|usc=yes|5|59|628}}<ref>Muhsin Khan, The translation of the meanings of ?ahih AL-Bukhari, Arabic-English, Volume 5, p. 440.</ref>
*{{bukhari|5|59|628}}<ref>Muhsin Khan, The translation of the meanings of ?ahih AL-Bukhari, Arabic-English, Volume 5, p. 440.</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & [[Ibn Ishaq]] <ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], [[Alfred Guillaume]] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=561}}</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & [[Ibn Ishaq]] <ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], [[Alfred Guillaume]] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=561}}</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=183}}</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|pages=183}}</ref>
Line 906: Line 919:
*Non-Muslims: 70 killed,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 261" /> 6000 women and children captured<ref name="William Muir p. 142">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 142.</ref>
*Non-Muslims: 70 killed,<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar p. 261" /> 6000 women and children captured<ref name="William Muir p. 142">William Muir,  The life of Mahomet and history of Islam to the era of the Hegira, Volume 4, p. 142.</ref>
|
|
*{{Quran-usc|9|25}}, {{Quran-usc|9|26}} <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 261-262">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 261-262. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zcciKiY online])</ref>
*{{Quran|9|25}}, {{Quran|9|26}} <ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 261-262">Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 261-262. ([http://www.webcitation.org/60zcciKiY online])</ref>
*{{Hadith-usc|Bukhari|4|53|370}}, {{Hadith-usc|muwatta|usc=yes|21|10|19|}}<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 261-262" />
*{{Bukhari|4|53|370}},
{{muwatta|21|10|19|}}<ref name="Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar pp. 261-262" />
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |78
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |78
Line 929: Line 943:
|isbn=978-8126119400|page=31}}</ref>
|isbn=978-8126119400|page=31}}</ref>
|
|
*{{Quran-usc|4|24}}<ref>{{cite book|authors=A?mad ibn Mu?ammad Ibn ?anbal, Susan Ann Spectorsky (translator), Is?aq ibn Ibrahim Ibn Rahwayh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_8kZJ9CxJdIC&pg=PA38|title=Chapters on marriage and divorce: responses of Ibn ?anbal and Ibn Rahwayh|year=1993|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=9780292776722|page=38}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dlzGFbl0XoIC&pg=PA24
*{{Quran|4|24}}<ref>{{cite book|authors=A?mad ibn Mu?ammad Ibn ?anbal, Susan Ann Spectorsky (translator), Is?aq ibn Ibrahim Ibn Rahwayh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_8kZJ9CxJdIC&pg=PA38|title=Chapters on marriage and divorce: responses of Ibn ?anbal and Ibn Rahwayh|year=1993|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=9780292776722|page=38}}</ref><ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 5 (Part 5): An-Nisaa 24 to An-Nisaa 147|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dlzGFbl0XoIC&pg=PA24
|first=Muhammad|last=Saed Abdul-Rahman|date=11 November 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd
|first=Muhammad|last=Saed Abdul-Rahman|date=11 November 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd
|isbn=9781861795632|page=24}} ([http://www.webcitation.org/6SyMRVgA9 online]) Quote: ""We captured some women from the area of Awtas who were already married, and we disliked having sexual relations with them because they already had husbands. So, we asked the Prophet about this matter, and this Ayah was revealed"</ref>
|isbn=9781861795632|page=24}} ([http://www.webcitation.org/6SyMRVgA9 online]) Quote: ""We captured some women from the area of Awtas who were already married, and we disliked having sexual relations with them because they already had husbands. So, we asked the Prophet about this matter, and this Ayah was revealed"</ref>
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|8|3432}}, {{Hadith-usc|Bukhari|5|59|612}} and more
*{{muslim|8|3432}}, {{Bukhari|5|59|612}} and more
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194" />
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 194" />
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
Line 945: Line 959:
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=17}}. See footnote 128</ref>
|isbn=978-0887066917|page=17}}. See footnote 128</ref>
|
|
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|612}}, {{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|muslim|3|6092}}
*{{bukhari|5|59|612}}, {{muslim|3|6092}}
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 17">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA17| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press|page=17}}</ref>
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 17">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA17| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press|page=17}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
Line 957: Line 971:
|isbn=978-9960897561|page=177}}</ref>
|isbn=978-9960897561|page=177}}</ref>
|
|
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|612}}
*{{bukhari|5|59|612}}
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 17" />
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 17" />
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
Line 969: Line 983:
*Non-Muslims: Unknown
*Non-Muslims: Unknown
|
|
*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|615}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|9|93|572}} and more
*{{bukhari|5|59|615}}, {{bukhari|9|93|572}} and more
*Ibn Hisham & [[Ibn Ishaq]]<ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], [[Alfred Guillaume]] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=591}}</ref>
*Ibn Hisham & [[Ibn Ishaq]]<ref>{{cite book|authors=[[Ibn Hisham]] , [[Ibn Ishaq]], [[Alfred Guillaume]] (translator)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w7tuAAAAMAAJ&q|title=The life of Muhammad: a translation of Is?aq's Sirat rasul Allah|year=1998|publisher=Oxford University Press|page=591}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
Line 996: Line 1,010:
|
|
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 200–201" />
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref name="Sa'd 1967 200–201" />
*{{Hadith-usc|usc=yes|abudawud|14|2639}}
*{{abudawud|14|2639}}
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |85
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |85
Line 1,060: Line 1,074:
|title=The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4), Tafsir ibn Kathir|date=29 October 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd|isbn=978-1861796509|page=107}}</ref> {{Cite quran|9|81}} <ref>{{cite book|last=Saed Abdul-Rahman|first=Muhammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4LMAGogMjkC&pg=PA137
|title=The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4), Tafsir ibn Kathir|date=29 October 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd|isbn=978-1861796509|page=107}}</ref> {{Cite quran|9|81}} <ref>{{cite book|last=Saed Abdul-Rahman|first=Muhammad|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O4LMAGogMjkC&pg=PA137
|title=The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4), Tafsir ibn Kathir|date=29 October 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd|isbn=978-1861796509|page=137}}</ref>
|title=The Meaning And Explanation Of The Glorious Qur'an (Vol 4), Tafsir ibn Kathir|date=29 October 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd|isbn=978-1861796509|page=137}}</ref>
*{{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|5|59|702}}, {{hadith-usc|usc=yes|Bukhari|6|60|199}} and more
*{{Bukhari|5|59|702}}, {{Bukhari|6|60|199}} and more
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |91
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |91
Line 1,070: Line 1,084:
*1 killed, 2 taken captive<ref>{{cite book|last=Muir|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA458|title=Life of Mahomet|date=10 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|isbn=978-0766177413|pages=458–459}}</ref>
*1 killed, 2 taken captive<ref>{{cite book|last=Muir|first=William|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QyIPouT4DqcC&pg=PA458|title=Life of Mahomet|date=10 August 2003|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|isbn=978-0766177413|pages=458–459}}</ref>
|
|
*Sunan Abu Dawud {{Hadith-usc|abudawud|19|3031}}
*Sunan Abu Dawud {{abudawud|19|3031}}
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=205}}</ref>
*Ibn Sa'd, Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2<ref>{{cite book|last=Sa'd|first=Ibn|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=AUL5Tf7sN8jIsgaVreXVDw&ct=result&id=_vnXAAAAMAAJ&dq|title=Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir,By Ibn Sa'd,Volume 2|year=1967|publisher=Pakistan Historical Society|asin=B0007JAWMK|page=205}}</ref>
|-<!-- New row starts here -->
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|April 631 <ref name="Muir August 1878 219">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219|first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder and co|year=1861|page=219|quote= Beginning of A.H. X}} Note: Muharram is the beginning of the year, then Muharram 10AH= April 631</ref><ref name="Jandora 1990 42">{{citation|title=The march from Medina: a revisionist study of the Arab conquests|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozVtAAAAMAAJ&q=Surad|first=John Walter|last=Jandora|year=1990|publisher=Kingston Press, Original from: University of Michigan|page=42|isbn=9780940670334}}</ref>
|April 631 <ref name="Muir August 1878 219">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219|first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder and co|year=1861|page=219|quote= Beginning of A.H. X}} Note: Muharram is the beginning of the year, then Muharram 10AH= April 631</ref><ref name="Jandora 1990 42">{{citation|title=The march from Medina: a revisionist study of the Arab conquests|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ozVtAAAAMAAJ&q=Surad|first=John Walter|last=Jandora|year=1990|publisher=Kingston Press, Original from: University of Michigan|page=42|isbn=9780940670334}}</ref>
   
   
|Ordered Surad ibn Abdullah (new convert) to war against the non-Muslim tribes in his neighbourhood<ref name="Muir August 1878 219">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219|first=William|last=Muir|year=1861|publisher=Kessinger Publishing Co|page=219}}</ref>
|Ordered Surad ibn Abdullah (new convert) to war against the non-Muslim tribes in his neighbourhood<ref name="Muir August 1878 219" />
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*Heavy casualties, people of Jurash killed<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 88–89">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press|pages=88–89}}</ref>
*Heavy casualties, people of Jurash killed<ref name="Tabari 25 Sep 1990 88–89">{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma’il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&printsec=frontcover| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press|pages=88–89}}</ref>
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*None, Banu Harith tribe surrenders and converts to Islam<ref name="Muir August 1878 224" />
*None, Banu Harith tribe surrenders and converts to Islam<ref name="Muir August 1878 224" />
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*{{Quran-usc|3|61}}<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 3 (Part 3): Al-Baqarah 253 to Al-I-'Imran 92 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZpfurStAiUC&pg=PA125|first=Muhammad|last=Saed Abdul Rahman|year=11 Nov 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd|page=125|isbn=978-1861796776}}</ref>
*{{Quran|3|61}}<ref>{{citation|title=Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz' 3 (Part 3): Al-Baqarah 253 to Al-I-'Imran 92 2nd Edition|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DZpfurStAiUC&pg=PA125|first=Muhammad|last=Saed Abdul Rahman|year=11 Nov 2009|publisher=MSA Publication Ltd|page=125|isbn=978-1861796776}}</ref>
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, pp. 82-84.</ref>
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, pp. 82-84.</ref>
*Hamidullah, Majmu'ah (Original letters of Muhammad)<ref>Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, pp. 83 & 84. See footnotes</ref>
*Hamidullah, Majmu'ah (Original letters of Muhammad)<ref>Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, pp. 83 & 84. See footnotes</ref>
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*20 killed by Muslims.<ref name="Muir August 1878 225" />
*20 killed by Muslims.<ref name="Muir August 1878 225" />
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*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|2|24|573}}
*{{bukhari|2|24|573}}
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, p. 89.</ref>
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>Tabari, The last years of the Prophet, p. 89.</ref>
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! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |99
! style="background: #EEEEEE;" |99
|Demolition of Dhul Khalasa
|Demolition of Dhul Khalasa
|April 632 <ref name="Muir August 1878 219">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219|first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder and co|year=1861|page=219|quote=April and May, 632}}</ref>
|April 632 <ref name="Muir August 1878 219b">{{citation|title=The life of Mahomet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YTwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA219|first=William|last=Muir|publisher=Smith, Elder and co|year=1861|page=219|quote=April and May, 632}}</ref>
   
   
|Demolish the Temple of Dhul Khalasa worshipped by the Bajila and Khatham tribes<ref name="Glasse 28 Jan 2003 251">{{cite book |title= The new encyclopedia of Islam| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&pg=PA251| first= Cyril| last= Glasse | year = 28 Jan 2003 | publisher = AltaMira Press | place = US |isbn=978-0759101906|page=251}}</ref>
|Demolish the Temple of Dhul Khalasa worshipped by the Bajila and Khatham tribes<ref name="Glasse 28 Jan 2003 251">{{cite book |title= The new encyclopedia of Islam| url= https://books.google.com/books?id=focLrox-frUC&pg=PA251| first= Cyril| last= Glasse | year = 28 Jan 2003 | publisher = AltaMira Press | place = US |isbn=978-0759101906|page=251}}</ref>
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*300 killed by Muslims<ref name="Glasse 28 Jan 2003 251" /><ref>{{cite book|last= Ibn al Kalbi|first= Hisham|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ| title= The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin= B002G9N1NQ|pages= 31–2}}</ref>
*300 killed by Muslims<ref name="Glasse 28 Jan 2003 251" /><ref>{{cite book|last= Ibn al Kalbi|first= Hisham|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ| title= The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin= B002G9N1NQ|pages= 31–2}}</ref>
|
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*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|641}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|642}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|643}} and more
*{{bukhari|5|59|641}}, {{bukhari|5|59|642}}, {{bukhari|5|59|643}} and more
*Al-Kalbi, The Book of Idols<ref>{{cite book|last=Ibn al Kalbi|first=Hisham|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ|title=The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin=B002G9N1NQ|pages=31–32}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/34864705/The-Book-of-Idols online])</ref>
*Al-Kalbi, The Book of Idols<ref>{{cite book|last=Ibn al Kalbi|first=Hisham|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G4HXAAAAMAAJ|title=The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitab al-asnam|year=1952|publisher=Princeton University Press|asin=B002G9N1NQ|pages=31–32}} ([http://www.scribd.com/doc/34864705/The-Book-of-Idols online])</ref>
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*Local population "slaughtered" by Muslims, "destroying, burning and taking as many captives as they could" according to Moshe Gil of Cambridge University<ref name="Gil 1997 31–32" />
*Local population "slaughtered" by Muslims, "destroying, burning and taking as many captives as they could" according to Moshe Gil of Cambridge University<ref name="Gil 1997 31–32" />
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*{{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|744}}, {{Hadith-usc|bukhari|5|59|745}} and more
*{{bukhari|5|59|744}}, {{bukhari|5|59|745}} and more
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA163| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
*Tabari, Volume 9, The last years of the Prophet<ref>{{citation|title=The last years of the Prophet (translated by Isma'il Qurban Husayn)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxG8BsHNw-MC&pg=PA163| first=Al|last=Tabari|year=25 Sep 1990|publisher=State University of New York Press
|isbn=978-0887066917|pages=163–164}} [http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online]</ref>
|isbn=978-0887066917|pages=163–164}} [http://www.scribd.com/doc/44661705/Al-Tabari-The-Last-2-Years-of-the-Prophet-s-SAW-Life online]</ref>
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*{{cite book|last=Mu?ammad Ibn ?Abd al-Wahhab|first=Imam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JRzr6mC55IC&printsec=frontcover|title=Mukhta?ar zad al-ma?ad|year=2003|publisher=Darussalam publishers Ltd|isbn=978-9960-897-18-9}}
*{{cite book|last=Mu?ammad Ibn ?Abd al-Wahhab|first=Imam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8JRzr6mC55IC&printsec=frontcover|title=Mukhta?ar zad al-ma?ad|year=2003|publisher=Darussalam publishers Ltd|isbn=978-9960-897-18-9}}


[[Category:Islam-related lists|Expeditions of Muhammad]]
[[Category:Muhammad]]
[[Category:Life of Muhammad|Military expeditions]]
[[Category:Sirah]]
[[Category:7th-century Islam]]
[[Category:Sacred history]]
[[Category:Timelines of Muslim history]]
[[Category:Islamic History]]
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