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Diacritical Marks of the Qur'an: Difference between revisions
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Diacritical Marks of the Qur'an (view source)
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[[File:Sura 24 without vowels and dots.jpg|right|thumb|215px|Arabic script from a Qur'an dated 150 AH showing Sura 24:34-36 without Vowels and Dots.]] | [[File:Sura 24 without vowels and dots.jpg|right|thumb|215px|Arabic script from a Qur'an dated 150 AH showing Sura 24:34-36 without Vowels and Dots.]] | ||
In this article we examine the use of diacritical marks and the problems they posed when they were added to the [[Arabic]] [[Qur'an]]. | In this article we examine the use of [[Arabic_letters_and_diacritics#The_Arabic_Diacritics|diacritical marks]] and the problems they posed when they were added to the [[Arabic]] [[Qur'an]]. | ||
==The Quran's Dilemma== | ==The Quran's Dilemma== | ||
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*If you put one point below any one of them, it's "Ba" (ب) | *If you put one point below any one of them, it's "Ba" (ب) | ||
*If you put two points below any one of them, it's "ya" (ي when written inside a word looks like ييي) | *If you put two points below any one of them, it's "ya" (ي when written inside a word looks like ييي) | ||
*If you put one point above any one of them, it's "non" (ن) | *If you put one point above any one of them, it's "non" (ن when written inside a word looks like ننن) | ||
*If you put two points above any one of them, it's "Ta" (ت) | *If you put two points above any one of them, it's "Ta" (ت) | ||
*If you put three points above any one of them, it's "Tha" (ث) | *If you put three points above any one of them, it's "Tha" (ث) | ||
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In his famous book, "al-Itqan Fi Ulum al-Qur’an" ("Adjusted Qur’anic Science"), Jalal-al-Din-al-Suyuti reiterates some of Ibn Taymiyyah’s statements about the creation of diacritical marks. | In his famous book, "al-Itqan Fi Ulum al-Qur’an" ("Adjusted Qur’anic Science"), Jalal-al-Din-al-Suyuti reiterates some of Ibn Taymiyyah’s statements about the creation of diacritical marks. | ||
Al-Suyuti makes an important statement in which he says that the differences in reading has led to differences in [[Islamic Law|Islamic law]].<ref>Jalal-al-Din-al-Suyuti, "al-Itqan Fi Ulum al-Qur’an" (Adjusted Qur’anic Science), part 1, p. 226</ref> He illustrated this by the following example: He indicated that some scholars demanded of the | Al-Suyuti makes an important statement in which he says that the differences in reading has led to differences in [[Islamic Law|Islamic law]].<ref>Jalal-al-Din-al-Suyuti, "al-Itqan Fi Ulum al-Qur’an" (Adjusted Qur’anic Science), part 1, p. 226</ref> He illustrated this by the following example: He indicated that some scholars demanded of the worshiper that he wash himself again (perform ablution) before he prays if he shook hands with a woman. Yet other scholars require him to do so only in the case of sexual intercourse and not just because he shook hands with her or touched her hand. | ||
The reason for this disagreement is because of | The reason for this disagreement is because of the word لَٰمَسْتُمُ (''l<b>aa</b>mastum'') found in the Chapter of Women ([{{Quran-url-only|4|43}} verse 43]) and whether it has a long vowel ''a'' or not. Scholars Jalalayn and Badawi record that both ibn ’Umar and al-Shafi’i seriously disagree with ibn ’Abbas <ref>http://altafsir.com/Tafasir.asp?tMadhNo=0&tTafsirNo=74&tSoraNo=4&tAyahNo=43&tDisplay=yes&UserProfile=0&LanguageId=2</ref> in the way they interpret this verse because ibn ’Abbas insisted that the meaning intended here is actual intercourse while the former said no, it is enough for a man to touch the skin of a woman or her hand to require having his ablution (washing) repeated. | ||
==Other Vocalization Marks== | ==Other Vocalization Marks== | ||
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For example: | For example: | ||
*The word "bent" | *The word "bent" (بنت) will become "banat" (بنَت) by putting "Fathha" (َ ) on the second letter, which means "she built" in English. | ||
*The word "bayn" ( which translates as “between” in English) will become "bayyan" if we add "shadda" on the first and the second letters, which means "He manifests" in English. | *The word "bayn" بين ( which translates as “between” in English) will become "bayyan" (بّيّن) if we add "shadda" (ّ ) on the first and the second letters, which means "He manifests" in English. | ||
*The word "nabat" (which translates as “grew” in English, for something that was planted) will become "nabott" if we add "damma” to the second letter, which means "we make a decision" in English. | *The word "nabat" نبت (which translates as “grew” in English, for something that was planted) will become "nabott" نبُت if we add "damma” (ُ ) to the second letter, which means "we make a decision" in English. | ||
==Conclusion== | ==Conclusion== | ||
Due to diacritical marks not being included in the original Qur'an and their use being so complex, and also because Muhammad allowed for more than one reading of each word, there is no way to determine the original meaning of the text. Through the abundance of opportunities to make mistakes and of the impossibility of the | Due to diacritical marks not being included in the original Qur'an and their use being so complex, and also because Muhammad allowed for more than one reading of each word, there is no way to determine the original meaning of the text. Through the abundance of opportunities to make mistakes and because of the impossibility of the interpreters getting the correct word, it is most likely true that the Qur'an had been altered and the version we have with us today is not Allah’s word, to the letter as Muslims claim. | ||
{{Core Scripture}} | {{Core Scripture}} | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
* [[Arabic letters and diacritics]] | * [[Arabic letters and diacritics]] | ||