Child Marriage in the Qur'an: Difference between revisions

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[[Muhammad]] married [[Aisha]] when she was [[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Aisha#Aisha.27s_Age_at_Consummation_and_Marriage|six]], and had sexual intercourse with her while she still remained [[Aisha Age of Consummation|pre-pubescent]] at the age of nine [[Islamic Lunar Calendar|lunar years]]. This fact has been recorded many times in [[Sahih]] [[Hadith|ahadith]]. This article will discuss the [[Qur'an|Qur'anic]] verse that allows [[Paedophilia]].
Prophet [[Muhammad]] married [[Aisha]] when she was [[Qur'an,_Hadith_and_Scholars:Aisha#Aisha.27s_Age_at_Consummation_and_Marriage|six]], and had [[sex|sexual intercourse]] with her while she still remained [[Muhammad and the Clinical Definition of Pedophilia|pre-pubescent]] at the age of nine [[Islamic Lunar Calendar|lunar years]]. This fact has been recorded many times in [[Sahih]] [[Hadith|ahadith]]. This article will discuss the [[Qur'an|Qur'anic]] verse that allows [[Paedophilia]].
[[File:Women protesters.jpg|right|thumb|300px|March 23, 2010: Women protesters hold up copies of the Qur'an outside parliament in Sanaa while stating that a proposed law banning marriages under the age of 17 in Yemen is un-Islamic<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88589 YEMEN: Deep divisions over child brides] - IRIN, March 28, 2010</ref>]]  
[[File:Women protesters.jpg|right|thumb|300px|March 23, 2010: Women protesters hold up copies of the Qur'an outside parliament in Sanaa while stating that a proposed law banning marriages under the age of 17 in Yemen is un-Islamic<ref>[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=88589 YEMEN: Deep divisions over child brides] - IRIN, March 28, 2010</ref>]]  
== Introduction ==
== Introduction ==
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'''Yusuf Ali:''' Such of your women as have passed the age of monthly courses, for them the prescribed period, if ye have any doubts, is three months, and for those who have no courses (it is the same): for those who carry (life within their wombs), their period is until they deliver their burdens: and for those who fear Allah, He will make their path easy.}}
'''Yusuf Ali:''' Such of your women as have passed the age of monthly courses, for them the prescribed period, if ye have any doubts, is three months, and for those who have no courses (it is the same): for those who carry (life within their wombs), their period is until they deliver their burdens: and for those who fear Allah, He will make their path easy.}}


'''Here the 'Iddah is prescribed to three categories of women:'''
Here the 'Iddah is prescribed to three categories of women:


*First the phrase: “Yaisna min al-maheedhi” which means “those women who are desperate of menses” is an indication to women who reached the stage of menstruation but do not menstruate and of those who reached menopause. Desperate of menses underlines that it concerns women who though reached the age, fail to menstruate too. Their 'Iddah period is three months.  
#First the phrase: “Yaisna min al-maheedhi” which means “those women who are desperate of menses” is an indication to women who reached the stage of menstruation but do not menstruate and of those who reached menopause. Desperate of menses underlines that it concerns women who though reached the age, fail to menstruate too. Their 'Iddah period is three months.
#Next comes, “Wallaee Lam yahidhna” which means “those who have not menstruated yet” This group of females are pre-pubescent girls who have not yet menstruated. Here the 'Iddah prescribed for them is equal to the previous group of women (ie. three months).
#Lastly, the women who are pregnant - their prescribed 'iddah is until they have given birth.


*Next comes, “Wallaee Lam yahidhna” which means “those who have not menstruated yet” This group of females are pre-pubescent girls who have not yet menstruated. Here the 'Iddah prescribed for them is equal to the previous group of women (ie. three months).  
The above translation of the verse masks the real meaning, so the verse has to be studied in [[Arabic]]. The actual meaning of this verse and its implications are explicitly endorsed by [[tafsir]]s as will be shown below.


*Lastly, the women who are pregnant - their prescribed 'iddah is until they have given birth.
==Analysis of Verse in Arabic ==
 
The above translation of the verse masks the real meaning, so the verse has to be studied in [[Arabic]]. The true meaning of this verse and its implications are explicitly endorsed by [[Tafsir]]s as will be shown below.
 
== Detailed analysis of the verse in Arabic ==


The Qur'an says in Arabic:
The Qur'an says in Arabic:
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In the verse 65:4, '''''Lam Yaĥiđna'' = 'those who did not menstruate'.'''  
In the verse 65:4, '''''Lam Yaĥiđna'' = 'those who did not menstruate'.'''  


Further the imperfective verb in the context of ''lam'' ( <font size=3>لَمْ </font> ) (past tensed negatives) is in the [[w:Grammatical mood#Jussive|Jussive]] mood. <ref name=EB/> From Wikipedia:
Further the imperfective verb in the context of ''lam'' ( <font size=3>لَمْ </font> ) (past tensed negatives) is in the [[w:Grammatical mood#Jussive|Jussive]] mood. <ref name=EB/>  


{{Quote||'''The mood is similar to the cohortative mood, in that it expresses plea, insistence, imploring, self-encouragement, wish, desire, intent, command, purpose or consequence.''' In some languages, the two are distinguished in that cohortative occurs in the first person and the jussive in the second or third. It is found in Arabic, where it is called the مجزوم, majzum. The rules governing the jussive in Arabic are somewhat complex. <ref>[[w:Grammatical mood#Jussive|Jussive]] - Wikipedia</ref>|}}  
{{Quote||'''The mood is similar to the cohortative mood, in that it expresses plea, insistence, imploring, self-encouragement, wish, desire, intent, command, purpose or consequence.''' In some languages, the two are distinguished in that cohortative occurs in the first person and the jussive in the second or third. It is found in Arabic, where it is called the مجزوم, majzum. The rules governing the jussive in Arabic are somewhat complex. <ref>[[w:Grammatical mood#Jussive|Jussive]] - Wikipedia</ref>|}}  
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Lane's Lexicon, Volume 2, page: 322, 323<ref>[http://www.studyquran.co.uk/9_HAA.htm ح = Ha] - StudyQuran</ref>}}
Lane's Lexicon, Volume 2, page: 322, 323<ref>[http://www.studyquran.co.uk/9_HAA.htm ح = Ha] - StudyQuran</ref>}}


'''Conclusion:'''
Conclusion:


* It is clear the verse 65:4 is given as a command to be followed (Jussive mood).  
* It is clear the verse 65:4 is given as a command to be followed (Jussive mood).  
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This verse 65:4 should be read as a continuation of Qur'an 33:49. If a woman who has not been used for sex should not have to observe any Iddah at all, as mentioned in 33:49, what is the reason for the prescribed Iddah for those women who have not yet menstruated? This is a clear indication marrying pre-pubescent girls and having sex with them is sanctioned by the Qur'an.
This verse 65:4 should be read as a continuation of Qur'an 33:49. If a woman who has not been used for sex should not have to observe any Iddah at all, as mentioned in 33:49, what is the reason for the prescribed Iddah for those women who have not yet menstruated? This is a clear indication marrying pre-pubescent girls and having sex with them is sanctioned by the Qur'an.


The phrase found in Qur'an 65:4 as "Wallaee Lam Yahidhna" is sometimes mistranslated by [[:Category:Islamic_Apologists|apologists]]. Exact meaning of the phrase is available in Tafsirs (Quran interpretations). Let Mufassirs clarify the issue of "Wallaee Lam Yahidhna":
The phrase found in Qur'an 65:4 as "Wallaee Lam Yahidhna" is sometimes mistranslated by [[apologists]]. Exact meaning of the phrase is available in Tafsirs (Quran interpretations).


== Tafsirs of the Verse ==
== Tafsirs of the Verse ==


Only the relevant parts from the Tafsirs will be quoted, because quoting the tafsir's for the verse in their entirety will be space consuming and a waste of effort. What needs to be confirmed will be extracted from Tafsirs. If anyone doubts whether these have been quoted out of context, the reference is given on each Tafsirs so it can be verified by checking original sources.
Only the relevant parts from the Tafsirs will be quoted, because quoting the tafsir's for the verse in their entirety will be space consuming and a waste of effort. What needs to be confirmed will be extracted from Tafsirs. If anyone doubts whether these have been quoted out of context, the reference is given on each tafsir so it can be verified by checking original sources.
   
   
=== Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi ===
=== Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi ===
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The bold: “Those who have not menstruated yet” denotes those not menstruated because of being young.
The bold: “Those who have not menstruated yet” denotes those not menstruated because of being young.


== Evidence from the ahadith ==
== Evidence from the Hadith==


From Imam Bukhari in his book of Tafsir and hadith collections:
From Imam Bukhari in his book of Tafsir and hadith collections:
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{{Quote|[http://bewley.virtualave.net/bukhari33.html Sahih Al-Bukhari, Chapter 68: Book of Tafsir]|'''CCCLXXXIV: The Tafsir of Surat at-Talaq'''<BR><BR>Mujahid said that "if you have any doubt" (65:4) means if you do not know whether she menstruates or not. Those who do not longer menstruate and '''those who have not yet menstruated, their 'idda is three months'''.}}
{{Quote|[http://bewley.virtualave.net/bukhari33.html Sahih Al-Bukhari, Chapter 68: Book of Tafsir]|'''CCCLXXXIV: The Tafsir of Surat at-Talaq'''<BR><BR>Mujahid said that "if you have any doubt" (65:4) means if you do not know whether she menstruates or not. Those who do not longer menstruate and '''those who have not yet menstruated, their 'idda is three months'''.}}


{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url= http://archive.org/download/SahihAl-bukhari9Vol.Set/SahihAl-bukhariVol.7-Ahadith5063-5969.pdf|title= The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih Al-Bukhari|publisher= Dar-us-Salam Publications|isbn= 9960-717-38-0|author= Al-Bukhari (au.), Muhammad M. Khan (tr.)|date= June 1, 1997|series=vol. 7, book 67, ch. 39|page= 57|archiveurl= |deadurl=no}}|'''(39) CHAPTER. Giving one's young children in marriage (is permissible).'''  
{{Quote|{{cite web quotebox|url= http://archive.org/download/SahihAl-bukhari9Vol.Set/SahihAl-bukhariVol.7-Ahadith5063-5969.pdf|title= The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih Al-Bukhari|publisher= Dar-us-Salam Publications|isbn= 9960-717-38-0|author= Al-Bukhari (au.), Muhammad M. Khan (tr.)|date= June 1, 1997|series=vol. 7, book 67, ch. 39|page= 57|archiveurl= http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdownload%2FSahihAl-bukhari9Vol.Set%2FSahihAl-bukhariVol.7-Ahadith5063-5969.pdf&date=2013-08-13|deadurl=no}}|'''(39) CHAPTER. Giving one's young children in marriage (is permissible).'''  


By virtue of the Statement of Allah : "...and for those who have no (monthly)  
By virtue of the Statement of Allah : "...and for those who have no (monthly)  
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'''5133.''' Narrated 'Aishah; that the Prophet wrote the marriage contract with her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old, and then she remained with him for nine years (i.e. till his death).}}
'''5133.''' Narrated 'Aishah; that the Prophet wrote the marriage contract with her when she was six years old and he consummated his marriage when she was nine years old, and then she remained with him for nine years (i.e. till his death).}}
From Sahih Muslim:
{{Quote|Capter heading for {{Muslim|8|3309}} to {{Muslim|8|3311}}|Chapter 10: It is permissible for the father to give the hand of his daughter in marriage '''even when she is not fully grown''' up.}}


The following Muwatta hadith shows it's permissible to marry girls who have not reached puberty:
The following Muwatta hadith shows it's permissible to marry girls who have not reached puberty:
{{quote|{{Muwatta|29|33|108|}}|
{{quote|{{Muwatta|29|33|108|}}|
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, visited Umm Salama while she was in mourning for Abu Salama and she had put aloes on her eyes. He said, "What is this, Umm Salama?" She said, "It is only aloes, Messenger of Allah." He said, "Put it on at night and wipe it off in the daytime."
Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, visited Umm Salama while she was in mourning for Abu Salama and she had put aloes on her eyes. He said, "What is this, Umm Salama?" She said, "It is only aloes, Messenger of Allah." He said, "Put it on at night and wipe it off in the daytime."
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"and those who never had menses, their prescribed period is three months before puberty, which indicates that giving her into marriage before puberty is permissible."<ref>[http://hadith.al-islam.com/display/Display.asp?Doc=0&Rec=7644 Al-Islam (Arabic text)]</ref><ref>[http://www.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=9381&idto=9382&bk_no=52&ID=2847 IslamWeb (Arabic text)]</ref>}}
"and those who never had menses, their prescribed period is three months before puberty, which indicates that giving her into marriage before puberty is permissible."<ref>[http://hadith.al-islam.com/display/Display.asp?Doc=0&Rec=7644 Al-Islam (Arabic text)]</ref><ref>[http://www.islamweb.net/newlibrary/display_book.php?idfrom=9381&idto=9382&bk_no=52&ID=2847 IslamWeb (Arabic text)]</ref>}}


==Recent fatwas==
==Recent Fatwas==


IslamOnline.net is the sixth most popular Islamic website on the internet, according to Wikipedia. The following excerpt is taken from a December 2010 fatwa.
IslamOnline.net is the sixth most popular Islamic website on the internet, according to Wikipedia. The following excerpt is taken from a December 2010 fatwa.
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The Iddah (waiting period) does not take place except after marriage.}}
The Iddah (waiting period) does not take place except after marriage.}}


== Apologetic objections ==
== Apologetic Objections ==


=== The Qur'an prohibits marriage to pre-pubescent females ===
=== The Qur'an prohibits marriage to pre-pubescent females ===
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'''Literal:''' And they ask for your opinion/clarification in the women, say: "God decreed/clarifies in them (F), and what is read/recited on you in The Book in the women orphans/minors that lose their father, those who (F) you did not give them (F) what was written/dictated to them (F), and you desire that you marry them (F), and the weakened from the children/new borns, and that you take care of to the orphans/minors that lose their father with the just/equitable; and what you make/do from goodness, so that God was/is with it knowledgeable."<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/4/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-11-27}} 4. An-Nisa - Women (سورة النساء) - Revealed in Madinah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed November 27, 2011</ref>}}
'''Literal:''' And they ask for your opinion/clarification in the women, say: "God decreed/clarifies in them (F), and what is read/recited on you in The Book in the women orphans/minors that lose their father, those who (F) you did not give them (F) what was written/dictated to them (F), and you desire that you marry them (F), and the weakened from the children/new borns, and that you take care of to the orphans/minors that lose their father with the just/equitable; and what you make/do from goodness, so that God was/is with it knowledgeable."<ref>[{{Reference archive|1=http://iknowledge.islamicnature.com/quran/surah/4/lang/englishliteral/|2=2011-11-27}} 4. An-Nisa - Women (سورة النساء) - Revealed in Madinah (English: Literal)] - IslamicNature, accessed November 27, 2011</ref>}}


'''In summary:''' When Muslims asked Muhammad who the "Nisa" were, he said they were the:
In summary, when Muslims asked Muhammad who the "Nisa" were, he said they were the:


# Orphans  
# Orphans  
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=== This verse applies to married teenagers ===
=== This verse applies to married teenagers ===


{{quote || There is an alternative interpretation that does not involve pederasty, which is sexual activity between young girls and boys, i.e. early teenage years when menstruation may not have begun (or become regular) among girls, who are married to boys similar in age. This type of marriage was not uncommon in Semitic cultures, for example some scholars suggest that Mary (the mother of Jesus) was somewhere between the ages of twelve and fourteen when she married Joseph (although it should be noted that non-canonical gospels suggest Joseph was a mature man, possibly as old as ninety<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08504a.htm St. Joseph] - New Advent (For more on the marriage between Joseph and Mary, see [[Responses_to_Apologetics:_Muhammad_and_Aisha#Mary_married_90-year-old_Joseph_when_she_was_12-14.2C_so_Joseph_was_a_pedophile_too|Responses to Apologetics: Muhammad and Aisha]])</ref>).
{{quote || There is an alternative interpretation that does not involve pederasty, which is sexual activity between young girls and boys, i.e. early teenage years when menstruation may not have begun (or become regular) among girls, who are married to boys similar in age. This type of marriage was not uncommon in Semitic cultures, for example some scholars suggest that Mary (the mother of Jesus) was somewhere between the ages of twelve and fourteen when she married Joseph (although it should be noted that non-canonical gospels suggest Joseph was a mature man, possibly as old as ninety<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08504a.htm St. Joseph] - New Advent (For more on the marriage between Joseph and Mary, see [[Joseph the Pedophile]])</ref>).


Given that sexual activity among teenagers is common among many cultures, including Western ones, this appears to be the most reasonable interpretation. }}
Given that sexual activity among teenagers is common among many cultures, including Western ones, this appears to be the most reasonable interpretation. }}


Given the evidence from the Islamic texts themselves, this interpretation is not the 'most reasonable' as asserted. We have ample [[Aisha Age of Consummation|evidence]] that  Muhammad (who is considered the [[Uswa Hasana|uswa hasana]] - perfect example) married and had sex with a pre-pubescent Aisha, we have evidence that [[Muhammad's Companions and Pedophilia|Muhammad's companions also did it]] and that [[Contemporary Pedophilic Islamic Marriages|Muslims to this very day]] are marrying pre-pubescent females and having intercourse with them. In none of these cases are the husbands comparable in age to the wife. So even though this is a ''possible'' interpretation, it is by no means the ''only reason'' that Muhammad revealed this verse - as evidenced also in the tafsir's provided above. Simply put, Muhammad did not specify an 'iddah for those whom menstruation was not present, so one had to be sent regarding these 3 groups of women. Nowhere in the Qur'an or the ahadith does it discuss teenagers marrying teenagers (ie. to 'explain' this verse) and all the evidence that we have points to [much] older men marrying and having sexual relations with pre-pubescent females.
Given the evidence from the Islamic texts themselves, this interpretation is not the 'most reasonable' as asserted. We have ample [[Muhammad and the Clinical Definition of Pedophilia|evidence]] that  Muhammad (who is considered the [[Uswa Hasana|uswa hasana]] - perfect example) married and had sex with a pre-pubescent Aisha, we have evidence that [[Muhammad's Companions and Pedophilia|Muhammad's companions also did it]] and that [[Contemporary Pedophilic Islamic Marriages|Muslims to this very day]] are marrying pre-pubescent females and having intercourse with them. In none of these cases are the husbands comparable in age to the wife. So even though this is a ''possible'' interpretation, it is by no means the ''only reason'' that Muhammad revealed this verse - as evidenced also in the tafsir's provided above. Simply put, Muhammad did not specify an 'iddah for those whom menstruation was not present, so one had to be sent regarding these 3 groups of women. Nowhere in the Qur'an or the ahadith does it discuss teenagers marrying teenagers (ie. to 'explain' this verse) and all the evidence that we have points to [much] older men marrying and having sexual relations with pre-pubescent females.


=== 65.4 talks only of the 'Iddah and not of sexual activity  ===
=== 65.4 talks only of the 'Iddah and not of sexual activity  ===
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*[[Contemporary Pedophilic Islamic Marriages]]
*[[Contemporary Pedophilic Islamic Marriages]]
*[[Responses to Apologetics: Muhammad and Aisha‎]]
*[[Responses to Apologetics - Muhammad and Aisha|Responses to Apologetics: Muhammad and Aisha‎]]


{{Translation-links-english|[[Pedophilie_dans_le_Coran|French]]}}
{{Translation-links-english|[[Pedophilie_dans_le_Coran|French]]}}
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== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist|30em}}


[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Qur'an]]
[[Category:Pedophilia]]
[[Category:Pedophilia]]
[[Category:Islamic Law]]
[[Category:Islamic Law]]
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