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Science and the Seven Earths: Difference between revisions
→The universe as a roof/ceiling/canopy: Added a another verse and mini-section on the 'raised universe'
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However this description does perfectly match the antiquity view of the sky being a literal solid object, made up of 'firmaments': | However this description does perfectly match the antiquity view of the sky being a literal solid object, made up of 'firmaments': | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|2|22}}|who assigned to you the earth for a couch, and heaven for an edifice (binā) , and sent down out of heaven water, wherewith He brought forth fruits for your provision; so set not up compeers to God wittingly.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|52|5}}|And by the canopy (safq) raised ˹high˺!}}{{Quote|{{Quran|79|28}}|He raised its ceiling (samk) and proportioned it.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|40|64}}|It is Allah Who made for you the earth your resting place and the sky a building (binā), and moulded you so gave you the best shape, and gave you pure things for sustenance; such is Allah, your Lord; so Most Auspicious is Allah, the Lord Of The Creation.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|21|32}}|And We made the sky a protected roof (saqf), but they, from its signs, are turning away.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|2|22}}|who assigned to you the earth for a couch, and heaven for an edifice (binā) , and sent down out of heaven water, wherewith He brought forth fruits for your provision; so set not up compeers to God wittingly.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|52|5}}|And by the canopy (safq) raised ˹high˺!}}{{Quote|{{Quran|79|28}}|He raised its ceiling (samk) and proportioned it.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|40|64}}|It is Allah Who made for you the earth your resting place and the sky a building (binā), and moulded you so gave you the best shape, and gave you pure things for sustenance; such is Allah, your Lord; so Most Auspicious is Allah, the Lord Of The Creation.}}{{Quote|{{Quran|21|32}}|And We made the sky a protected roof (saqf), but they, from its signs, are turning away.}} | ||
===== A raised universe ===== | |||
Raising the roof/canopy in Q52:5 and Q79:28 (above, and see also Q55:7 below) also makes no sense in the context of our modern understanding of the Universe, where there is no scientific theory that our visible Universe was 'raised'. But does match the idea of the physical sky being broken from Earth and raised. | |||
{{Quote|{{Quran|55|7}}|He raised the heaven high and set up the balance,}} | |||
===== The solid universe ===== | ===== The solid universe ===== | ||
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* They are strong - {{Quran|78|12}} | * They are strong - {{Quran|78|12}} | ||
* And stacked above each other - {{Quran|67|3}} and {{Quran|71|15}} | * And stacked above each other - {{Quran|67|3}} and {{Quran|71|15}} | ||
* Can be split open - {{Quran|25|25}} | * Can be split open - {{Quran|25|25}} and {{Quran|42|5}} | ||
* And can be rolled up {{Quran|21|104}} and {{Quran|39|67}} | * And can be rolled up {{Quran|21|104}} and {{Quran|39|67}} | ||
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On that day the inhabitants of paradise will be in the best abode and an excellent resting place. | On that day the inhabitants of paradise will be in the best abode and an excellent resting place. | ||
<b>The day when the sky with its clouds will be split open, and the angels will be sent down [in a majestic] descent,</b> | <b>The day when the sky with its clouds will be split open, and the angels will be sent down [in a majestic] descent,</b> | ||
on that day true sovereignty will belong to the All-beneficent, and it will be a hard day for the faithless.}} | on that day true sovereignty will belong to the All-beneficent, and it will be a hard day for the faithless.}}Similarly we see: | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|42|5}}|<b>The heavens are about to be rent apart from above them,</b> while the angels celebrate the praise of their Lord and plead for forgiveness for those [faithful] who are on the earth. Indeed, Allah is the All-forgiving, the All-merciful!}} | |||
==== The universe as day and night ==== | ==== The universe as day and night ==== | ||
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In reality, the night and day we experience is a feature of the earth's rotation on its axis and is only applicable to Earth itself. There is no sense in which the earth's night and day apply across the wider cosmos as it would need to to be able to substitute the word/modern concept 'universe' with heaven/heavens (samā). | In reality, the night and day we experience is a feature of the earth's rotation on its axis and is only applicable to Earth itself. There is no sense in which the earth's night and day apply across the wider cosmos as it would need to to be able to substitute the word/modern concept 'universe' with heaven/heavens (samā). | ||
{{Quote|{{Quran|79|27-29}}|Is your creation more prodigious or that of the heaven He has built? He raised its vault and fashioned it, and <b>darkened its night</b>, and <b>brought forth its forenoon<b/>.}} | {{Quote|{{Quran|79|27-29}}|Is your creation more prodigious or that of the heaven He has built? He raised its vault and fashioned it, and <b>darkened its night</b>, and <b>brought forth its forenoon<b/>.}} | ||
==== The Universe, Universes and Earth's width compared ==== | |||
We are told that jannah/paradise/'the garden' is as wide as the heaven and earth. The words ʿarḍuhā kaʿarḍi ("its width is like the width") refer to the breadth, width, or side of something.<ref>[https://www.studyquran.org/LaneLexicon/Volume5/00000291.pdf ''See: عَرْضٌ 'ard''] - Lane's Lexicon page 2006</ref>{{Quote|{{Quran|57|21}}|Be ye foremost (in seeking) Forgiveness from your Lord, <b>and a Garden (of Bliss), the width whereof is as the width of heaven and earth,</b> prepared for those who believe in Allah and His messengers: that is the Grace of Allah, which He bestows on whom he pleases: and Allah is the Lord of Grace abounding}} | |||
Given the huge difference in the size of the rest of our visible universe compared to the earth (as mentioned it's approximately 1.9 X 10^22 times larger than Earth),<ref>''[https://futurism.com/earth-compared-to-the-universe Earth Compared to the Universe.]'' Futurism. Joshua Filmer. 2015.</ref> this comparison makes little sense. However if one believed the heaven/sky was a firmament above Earth (whether it be a flat disk or a dome as debated in Islamic tradition), this fits far better. | |||
This idea is reinforced in the following verse, where similarly now paradise is as wide as seven heavens and the Earth, which the space of the six other universes (as would be needed by the apologists interpretation of samā as universe), would contradict the width given in verse 57:12. This would not contradict, however, if the skies/heavens were their historical definition of simply firmaments, one above the other, over the flat earth (and no further in the limited cosmos). {{Quote|{{Quran|3|133}}|And vie with one another, hastening to forgiveness from your Lord, and to <b>a garden whose breadth is as the heavens and earth,</b> prepared for the godfearing}} | |||
==== The universe split from the Earth ==== | ==== The universe split from the Earth ==== | ||
The ancient concept of the sky splitting from the Earth can be traced back to Mesopotamian<ref>''[https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/epic/hd_epic.htm Mesopotamian Creation Myths.]'' Ira Spar. 2009. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Met Musuem. </ref> and Egyptian<ref>''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338646511_Skyscapes_Landscapes_and_the_drama_of_Proto-Indo-European_myth Skyscapes, Landscapes, and the drama of Proto-Indo-European myth.]'' John Grigsby PhD Synthesis. 2020. | The ancient concept of the sky splitting from the Earth can be traced back to Mesopotamian<ref>''[https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/epic/hd_epic.htm Mesopotamian Creation Myths.]'' Ira Spar. 2009. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. The Met Musuem. </ref> and Egyptian<ref>''[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338646511_Skyscapes_Landscapes_and_the_drama_of_Proto-Indo-European_myth Skyscapes, Landscapes, and the drama of Proto-Indo-European myth.]'' John Grigsby PhD Synthesis. 2020. | ||