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Old Hijazi: Difference between revisions
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The first five characteristics are proven by (a) the early Arabic scripts written in Greek and Hebrew letters, (b) the linguistic analysis of the Quranic consonantal text (QCT) which is the original text of the Quran that’s devoid of dots and signs that were added later. | The first five characteristics are proven by (a) the early Arabic scripts written in Greek and Hebrew letters, (b) the linguistic analysis of the Quranic consonantal text (QCT) which is the original text of the Quran that’s devoid of dots and signs that were added later. | ||
'''1- Lack of nunation and final short vowels except in construct.''' | '''1- Lack of nunation and final short vowels except in construct'''<ref>Marijn Van Putten, [https://www.academia.edu/71626921/Quranic_Arabic_From_its_Hijazi_Origins_to_its_Classical_Reading_Traditions_Studies_in_Semitic_Languages_and_Linguistics_106 Quranic Arabic], p.282</ref>'''.''' | ||
E.g. | E.g. | ||
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'''2- The feminine ending is always “ah” and it only turns to “at” in construct or when a pronoun gets attached to it.''' E.g. : | '''2- The feminine ending is always “ah” and it only turns to “at” in construct or when a pronoun gets attached to it'''<ref>Marijn Van Putten & Phillip Stokes, [https://www.academia.edu/37481811/Case_in_the_Qur%CB%80%C4%81nic_Consonantal_Text_Wiener_Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_die_Kunde_des_Morgenlandes_108_2018_pp_143_179 Case in the Quranic Consonantal Text], p165</ref>'''.''' E.g. : | ||
المدرسة جديدة (the school is new) | المدرسة جديدة (the school is new) | ||
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E.g. | E.g. | ||
أعطى aʕṭā | |||
Αγτα | |||
أتى atē | |||
Ατε | |||
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ʕabdərahṃān | ʕabdərahṃān | ||
'''5- The pronominal suffix of the 3<sup>rd</sup> person masculine plural takes only the “hum” form. While classical Arabic has both “hum” and “him”.''' | '''5- The pronominal suffix of the 3<sup>rd</sup> person masculine plural takes only the “hum” form. While classical Arabic has both “hum” and “him”.''' | ||
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βη αυθάνϳὑμ | βη αυθάνϳὑμ | ||
'''6- The indefinite accusative is marked with ā instead of classical Arabic “an”.''' | '''6- The indefinite accusative is marked with ā instead of classical Arabic “an”.''' | ||
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χαϳμετ σεϳλουμ [ḫaymet seylūm] خيمة سيلوم <ref>Ibid, p.91</ref> | χαϳμετ σεϳλουμ [ḫaymet seylūm] خيمة سيلوم <ref>Ibid, p.91</ref> | ||
'''8- ā is realized as [ē] unless there is an inhibiting factor, that is, an emphatic or a labial'''<ref>Ibid, p.51</ref>'''.''' | |||
E.g. | |||
فسالت | |||
φασέλετ | |||
fa-sēlet<ref>Ibid, p.79</ref> | |||
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=== Evidence Against the Pausal Spelling Rule === | === Evidence Against the Pausal Spelling Rule === | ||
Historical linguists Van Putten and Phillip Stokes note that such a spelling convention is unique among the languages of the world<ref>Marijn Van Putten & Phillip Stokes, Case in the Quranic Consonantal Text, | Historical linguists Van Putten and Phillip Stokes note that such a spelling convention is unique among the languages of the world<ref>Marijn Van Putten & Phillip Stokes, [https://www.academia.edu/37481811/Case_in_the_Qur%CB%80%C4%81nic_Consonantal_Text_Wiener_Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_die_Kunde_des_Morgenlandes_108_2018_pp_143_179 Case in the Quranic Consonantal Text], p149</ref> . They also challenge the pausal spelling convention by the following arguments based on the linguistic analysis of QCT: | ||
==== 1- Internal Rhymes. ==== | ==== 1- Internal Rhymes. ==== | ||
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Ghanim Qadduuri, Rasm Al-Mishaf, p357</ref> | Ghanim Qadduuri, Rasm Al-Mishaf, p357</ref> | ||
Khalaf’s statement agrees with what early grammarians report. Mukhtār Al-Ghawth says in his book "The dialect of Quraish": “Since that the Hamzah is hard to pronounce, some early Arabic dialects leaned towards dropping the hamzah. This was most notable in the dialect of Quraish as all early sources agree that this dialect lacked the hamzah.” | Khalaf’s statement agrees with what early grammarians report. Mukhtār Al-Ghawth says in his book "The dialect of Quraish": “Since that the Hamzah is hard to pronounce, some early Arabic dialects leaned towards dropping the hamzah. This was most notable in the dialect of Quraish as all early sources agree that this dialect lacked the hamzah.” <ref>[https://waqfeya.net/book.php?bid=1006 لغة قريش]، مختار الغوث، ص39</ref> | ||
The enforcement of Hamzah on the Quran is apparent in the instances of pseudo-correct application of the Hamzah. Van Putten lists 12 examples<ref>Marijn Van Putten, Quranic Arabic, p.158-167</ref> of such cases, such as the word kās كاس (cup) which is read as kaʾs in all canonical readings. | The enforcement of Hamzah on the Quran is apparent in the instances of pseudo-correct application of the Hamzah. Van Putten lists 12 examples<ref>Marijn Van Putten, Quranic Arabic, p.158-167</ref> of such cases, such as the word kās كاس (cup) which is read as kaʾs in all canonical readings. | ||