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This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in Old Hijazi. This list is taken from a [https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html blogpost by Idris Al-Arabi]. | This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in [[Old Hijazi]]. This list is taken from a [https://edristhearab.blogspot.com/2023/02/a-list-of-old-hijazi-internal-rhymes-in.html blogpost by Idris Al-Arabi]. | ||
Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation. | Most of the examples include two words that internally rhyme with each other. The second of the two words in the majority of cases comes in a pausal position and thus in classical Arabic it loses its final short vowel and nunation while the first word keeps them. Removing the final short vowel and nunation from the first word reveals that the first word rhymes with the second word which means that the original language of the Quran (Old Hijazi) lacked final short vowels and nunation. | ||
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{{Quote|{{Quran|3|20}}| | {{Quote|{{Quran|3|20}}| | ||
فَإِنْ حَآجُّوكَ فَقُلْ أَسْلَمْتُ وَجْهِىَ لِلَّهِ وَمَنِ ٱتَّبَعَنِ ۗ وَقُل لِّلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ وَٱلْأُمِّيِّۦنَ ءَأَسْلَمْتُمْ ۚ فَإِنْ أَسْلَمُوا۟ فَقَدِ ٱهْتَدَوا۟ ۖ وَّإِن تَوَلَّوْا۟ فَإِنَّمَا عَلَيْكَ ٱلْبَلَٰغُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بَصِيرٌۢ بِٱلْعِبَادِ | |||
So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." (Pausal position) And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" (Pausal position) And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided;(Pausal position) but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. (Pausal position) And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.}} | So if they argue with you, say, "I have submitted myself to Allah [in Islam], and [so have] those who follow me." (Pausal position) And say to those who were given the Scripture and [to] the unlearned, "Have you submitted yourselves?" (Pausal position) And if they submit [in Islam], they are rightly guided;(Pausal position) but if they turn away - then upon you is only the [duty of] notification. (Pausal position) And Allah is Seeing of [His] servants.}} | ||
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Classical Arabic: wa ʾanzalna l<u>-ḥadīda</u> fīhi baʾsun <u>shadīdun</u> wa manāfiʕu lin-nās...}} | Classical Arabic: wa ʾanzalna l<u>-ḥadīda</u> fīhi baʾsun <u>shadīdun</u> wa manāfiʕu lin-nās...}} | ||
'''Classes of Old Hijazi internal rhymes''' | |||
1- Individual instances. This includes 78 unique examples (96 with repetition) where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, they were so many that only the strongest 17 unique instances were counted, however there are many more than this. | |||
2- Verse-final attributes of Allah. The majority of internal rhymes in the Quran fall under this type. Of this type, there are 7 (50 with repetition) examples where the rhyming words share identical final consonants. As for examples where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants, there are 25 unique ones, 234 counting repeated occurrences. | |||
<br /> | |||
==A list of Individual Instances of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran== | |||
<big>'''A- Internal rhymes where the rhyming words share identical final consonants:'''</big> | |||
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>مُهِينٌ</u>﴾</span> Q2:90, 58:5 | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>مُهِينٌ</u>﴾</span> Q2:90, 58:5 | ||
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Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḍh-ḍhālimīn. | Classical Arabic: wal-lāhu ʕalīmun biḍh-ḍhālimīn. | ||
Note: Due to the strong similarity between the "n" and "m" sounds, the Quran doesn't distinguish between the two when it comes to rhymes as seen for example in the first Surah of the Quran whose verse-final words are: al-ʕālamīn, ar-raḥīm, ad-dīn, nastaʕīn, al-mustaqīm, aḍ-ḍāllīn. | |||
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en"> | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u>﴾</span> Q2:104 Q58:4 | ||
OH: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> | OH: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> | ||
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا <u>الْعَذَابَ</u> وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ ا<u>لْأَسْبَابُ</u> ﴾</span> Q2:166 | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا <u>الْعَذَابَ</u> وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ ا<u>لْأَسْبَابُ</u> ﴾</span> Q2:166 | ||
OH: warāu l-<u>ʕadhāb</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat | OH: warāu l-<u>ʕadhāb</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihumu l-<u>asbāb</u> | ||
CA: waraʾawu l-<u>ʕadhāba</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-<u>asbāb</u> | CA: waraʾawu l-<u>ʕadhāba</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihimu l-ʾ<u>asbāb</u> | ||
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Q2:185,186 | Q2:185,186 | ||
OH: shahru <u>ramaḍān</u> | OH: shahru <u>ramaḍān</u> al-ladhi unzil fīhu <u>l-qurān</u> hudē lin-nās wabayyināt min al-hudē <u>wal-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahid minkumu sh-shahr fa-liyaṣumh (pause) waman kān marīḍā aw ʕalā <u>safar</u> faʕiddah min ayyām <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīd allah bikumu l-yusr walā yurīd bikumu l-ʕusr walitukmilu l-ʕiddah walitukabbiru llāh ʕalā mā hadēkum wa laʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waidhā saalak ʕibādī ʕannī fainnī <u>qarīb</u> <u>ujīb</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi idhā daʕān faliyastajībū lī waliyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn. | ||
CA: shahru <u>ramaḍāna</u> l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi <u>l-qurʾānu</u> hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa <u>l-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahida minkumu sh-shahra falyaṣumh (pause) waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā <u>safarin</u> faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīdu llahu bikumu l-yusra walā yurīdu bikumu l-ʕusra walitukmilu l-ʕiddata walitukabbiru llāha ʕalā mā hadākum walaʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waʾidhā saʾalaka ʕibādī ʕannī faʾinnī <u>qarībun</u> <u>ʾujību</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi ʾdhā daʕān (pause) falyastajībū lī walyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn. | CA: shahru <u>ramaḍāna</u> l-ladhī ʾunzila fīhi <u>l-qurʾānu</u> hudan lin-nāsi wabayyinātin mina l-hudā wa <u>l-furqān</u> (pause) faman shahida minkumu sh-shahra falyaṣumh (pause) waman kāna marīḍan ʾaw ʕalā <u>safarin</u> faʕiddatun min ʾayyāmin <u>ukhar</u> (pause) yurīdu llahu bikumu l-yusra walā yurīdu bikumu l-ʕusra walitukmilu l-ʕiddata walitukabbiru llāha ʕalā mā hadākum walaʕallakum tashkurūn (End of verse 185) waʾidhā saʾalaka ʕibādī ʕannī faʾinnī <u>qarībun</u> <u>ʾujību</u> daʕwata d-dāʕi ʾdhā daʕān (pause) falyastajībū lī walyūminū bī laʕallahum yarshudūn. | ||
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ <u>نَاصِرِينَ</u> ﴾</span> Q3:91 16 | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ <u>نَاصِرِينَ</u> ﴾</span> Q3:91 16 | ||
OH: ʕadhāb alīm wamālahum min nāṣirīn | OH: ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> wamālahum min <u>nāṣirīn</u> | ||
CA: ʕadhābun ʾalīmun wamālahum min nāṣirīn | CA: ʕadhābun <u>ʾalīmun</u> wamālahum min <u>nāṣirīn</u> | ||
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِ</u> إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ <u>الشَّيْطَانُ</u> بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾</span> Q3:155 | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِ</u> إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ <u>الشَّيْطَانُ</u> بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾</span> Q3:155 | ||
OH: yawm | OH: yawm altaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u> innama stazallahum ash-<u>shayṭān</u> bibaʕḍi mā… | ||
CA: yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕāni</u> ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-<u>shayṭānu</u> bibaʕḍi mā… | CA: yawma ltaqa l-<u>jamʕāni</u> ʾinnama stazallahumu sh-<u>shayṭānu</u> bibaʕḍi mā… | ||
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ <u>أَغْنِيَاءُ</u> ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ <u>الْأَنْبِيَاءَ</u> بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾</span> Q3:181 | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ <u>أَغْنِيَاءُ</u> ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ <u>الْأَنْبِيَاءَ</u> بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾</span> Q3:181 | ||
OH: wa naḥn <u>aghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa | OH: wa naḥn <u>aghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>anbiyāʾ</u> bighayri ḥaqq. | ||
CA: wa naḥnu <u>ʾaghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>ʾanbiyāʾa</u> bighayri ḥaqq. | CA: wa naḥnu <u>ʾaghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktubu mā qālū wa qatlahumu l-<u>ʾanbiyāʾa</u> bighayri ḥaqq. | ||
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ <u>الْكُفَّارُ</u> لِمَنْ عُقْبَى <u>الدَّارِ</u>﴾</span> Q13:42 | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ <u>الْكُفَّارُ</u> لِمَنْ عُقْبَى <u>الدَّارِ</u>﴾</span> Q13:42 | ||
OH: wasayaʕlam <u> | OH: wasayaʕlam <u>al-kuffār</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u> | ||
CA: wasayaʕlamu <u>l-kuffāru</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u> | CA: wasayaʕlamu <u>l-kuffāru</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u> | ||
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَبُرِّزَتِ ا<u>لْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ</u>﴾</span> Q26:91 | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَبُرِّزَتِ ا<u>لْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ</u>﴾</span> Q26:91 | ||
OH: wa burrizat <u> | OH: wa burrizat <u>al-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn</u> | ||
CA: wa burrizati <u>l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn</u> | CA: wa burrizati <u>l-jaḥīmu lil-ghāwīn</u> | ||
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ <u>الْبُيُوتِ</u> لَبَيْتُ <u>الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ</u> لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ﴾</span> Q29:41 | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ <u>الْبُيُوتِ</u> لَبَيْتُ <u>الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ</u> لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ﴾</span> Q29:41 | ||
OH: wa inn awhan <u> | OH: wa inn awhan <u>al-buyūt</u> labayt <u>al-ʕankabūt</u> | ||
CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana <u>l-buyūti</u> labaytu <u>l-ʕankabūt</u> | CA: wa ʾinna ʾawhana <u>l-buyūti</u> labaytu <u>l-ʕankabūt</u> | ||
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CA: huwa <u>mahīnun</u> walā yakādu <u>yabīn</u> | CA: huwa <u>mahīnun</u> walā yakādu <u>yabīn</u> | ||
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ﴾</span> Q56:3 | |||
OH: khāfiḍah rāfiʕah | |||
CA: khāfiḍatun rāfiʕah | |||
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ <u>الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ</u>﴾</span> Q80:42 | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ <u>الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ</u>﴾</span> Q80:42 | ||
OH: | OH: humu l-kafarah al-fajarah | ||
CA: humu l-kafaratu l- | CA: humu l-kafaratu l-fajarah | ||
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿عَامِلَةٌ نَاصِبَةٌ﴾</span> Q88:3 | |||
OH: ʕāmilah nāṣibah | |||
CA: ʕāmilatun nāṣibah | |||
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَيَمْنَ<u>عُونَ الْمَاعُونَ</u>﴾</span> Q107:7 | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ وَيَمْنَ<u>عُونَ الْمَاعُونَ</u>﴾</span> Q107:7 | ||
OH: wa yamnaʕūn | OH: wa yamnaʕūn al-māʕūn | ||
CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn | CA: wa yamnaʕūna l-māʕūn | ||
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>﴾</span> Q114:4 | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>﴾</span> Q114:4 | ||
OH: min sharri l-waswās | OH: min sharri l-waswās al-khannās | ||
CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās | CA: min sharri l-waswāsi l-khannās | ||
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<br /> | <br /> | ||
'''<big>B- Internal rhymes where the rhyming words don't share identical final consonants.</big>''' | |||
Due to the large number of examples of this type, not all of them were counted. Here are some of the notable examples: | Due to the large number of examples of this type, not all of them were counted. Here are some of the notable examples: | ||
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CA: madhmūman makhdhūlā | CA: madhmūman makhdhūlā | ||
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا <u>مَنَافِعُ وَمَشَارِبُ</u> ۚ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ﴾</span> Q36:73 | ||
OH: manāfiʕ wamashārib | OH: manāfiʕ wamashārib | ||
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<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ذُقْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ <u>الْعَزِيزُ الْكَرِيمُ</u> ﴾</span> Q44:49 | <span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ذُقْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ <u>الْعَزِيزُ الْكَرِيمُ</u> ﴾</span> Q44:49 | ||
OH: ant | OH: ant al-ʕazīz al-karīm | ||
CA: ʾanta l-ʕazīzu l-karīm | CA: ʾanta l-ʕazīzu l-karīm | ||
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CA: l-jalāli wal-ʾikram | CA: l-jalāli wal-ʾikram | ||
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CA: kathīban mahīlā | CA: kathīban mahīlā | ||
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CA: …aklan lammā…ḥubban jammā…dakkan dakkā…ṣaffan ṣaffā | CA: …aklan lammā…ḥubban jammā…dakkan dakkā…ṣaffan ṣaffā | ||
'''<big>C- Some examples of Internal rhymes where the rhyming words don't share identical final long vowels.</big>''' | |||
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CA: khayrin faqīr | CA: khayrin faqīr | ||
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿ مِنْ كُلِّ <u>زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ</u>﴾</span> Q22:5, 50:7 | |||
OH: zawj bahīj | |||
CA: zawjin bahīj | |||
<span dir="rtl" lang="en">﴿فِي <u>سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ</u>﴾</span> Q56:42 | |||
OH: samūm waḥamīm | |||
CA: samūmin waḥamīm | |||
==A list of All Verse-Final Attributes of Allah that Form Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes== | ==A list of All Verse-Final Attributes of Allah that Form Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes== | ||
'''<big>A- The two words share an identical final consonant.</big>''' | |||
ʕalīm ḥakīm عليم حكيم “Knower, Wise” (15 attestations, such as 9:15,28,60,97,106,110) | ʕalīm ḥakīm عليم حكيم “Knower, Wise” (15 attestations, such as 9:15,28,60,97,106,110) | ||
ʕalīmā ḥakīmā عليما حكيما (10 attestations, such as 4:11,17,24,92,104,111,170) | ʕalīmā ḥakīmā عليما حكيما (10 attestations, such as 4:11,17,24,92,104,111,170) | ||
al-ʕalīm | al-ʕalīm al-ḥakīm العليم الحكيم “the Knower, the Wise” (4, such as: 12:83,100) | ||
ḥakīm ʕalīm حكيم عليم “Wise, Knower” (5, such as 6:83,128,139) | ḥakīm ʕalīm حكيم عليم “Wise, Knower” (5, such as 6:83,128,139) | ||
al-ḥakīm | al-ḥakīm al-ʕalīm الحكيم العليم (43:84 , 51:30) | ||
ghafūr shakūr غفور شكور “Forgiving, Appreciative” (35:30,34 , 42:23) | ghafūr shakūr غفور شكور “Forgiving, Appreciative” (35:30,34 , 42:23) | ||
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khabīrā baṣīrā خبيرا بصيرا(17:17,30,96) | khabīrā baṣīrā خبيرا بصيرا(17:17,30,96) | ||
ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59) | |||
ʕalīmā ḥalīmā عليما حليما (33:51) | |||
qarīb mujīb قريب مجيب “Near, Responsive” (11:61) | qarīb mujīb قريب مجيب “Near, Responsive” (11:61) | ||
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ḥamīd majīd حميد مجيد “Owner of Praise, Owner of Glory” (11:73) | ḥamīd majīd حميد مجيد “Owner of Praise, Owner of Glory” (11:73) | ||
=== | ===B- The two words don't share an identical final consonant.=== | ||
Note that in the rhyming of verse-final words (external rhymes), the Quran usually alternates between ūn and īn, which means that in the language of the Quran, ū rhymes with ī. Thus it’s natural to see internal rhymes such as غفور رحيم ghafūr raḥīm. | |||
ghafūr raḥīm غفور رحيم “Forgiving, Merciful” (49 attestations, such as 2:173,182,192) | ghafūr raḥīm غفور رحيم “Forgiving, Merciful” (49 attestations, such as 2:173,182,192) | ||
ghafūrā raḥīmā غفورا رحيما (15, such as 4:23,96,100,106) | ghafūrā raḥīmā غفورا رحيما (15, such as 4:23,96,100,106) | ||
al-ghafūr | al-ghafūr ar-raḥīm الغفور الرحيم “the Forgiving, the Merciful” (7, such as 42:5, 46:8) | ||
ar-raḥīm | ar-raḥīm al-ghafūr الرحيم الغفور “the Merciful, the Forgiving” (34:2) | ||
ʕazīz ḥakīm عزيز حكيم “Mighty, Wise” (13, such as 8:10,49,63) | ʕazīz ḥakīm عزيز حكيم “Mighty, Wise” (13, such as 8:10,49,63) | ||
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ʕazīzā ḥakīmā عزيزا حكيما (5, such as 4:56,158,165) | ʕazīzā ḥakīmā عزيزا حكيما (5, such as 4:56,158,165) | ||
al-ʕazīz | al-ʕazīz al-ḥakīm العزيز الحكيم (29 instances, such as 3:6,18,62) | ||
samīʕ ʕalīm سميع عليم “Hearer, Knower “(16, such as 8:17,42,53) | samīʕ ʕalīm سميع عليم “Hearer, Knower “(16, such as 8:17,42,53) | ||
as-samīʕ | as-samīʕ al-ʕalīm السميع العليم (15, such as 2:127,137) | ||
al-ʕazīz | al-ʕazīz ar-raḥīm العزيز الرحيم "the Mighty, the Merciful” (13, such as 26:9,68,104) | ||
raūf raḥīm رؤوف رحيم “Kind, Merciful” (9, such as 16:7,47) | raūf raḥīm رؤوف رحيم “Kind, Merciful” (9, such as 16:7,47) | ||
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ʕalīma khabīrā عليما خبيرا (4:35) | ʕalīma khabīrā عليما خبيرا (4:35) | ||
al-ʕalīm | al-ʕalīm al-khabīr العليم الخبير (66:3) | ||
ḥakīm khabīr حكيم خبير “Wise, Aware” (11:1) | ḥakīm khabīr حكيم خبير “Wise, Aware” (11:1) | ||
al-ḥakīm | al-ḥakīm al-khabīr الحكيم الخبير (6:18, 6:73, 34:1) | ||
laṭīf khabīr لطيف خبير “Subtle, Aware” (22:63, 31:16) | laṭīf khabīr لطيف خبير “Subtle, Aware” (22:63, 31:16) | ||
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laṭīfā khabīrā لطيفا خبيرا (33:34) | laṭīfā khabīrā لطيفا خبيرا (33:34) | ||
al-laṭīf | al-laṭīf al-khabīr اللطيف الخبير (6:103, 67:14) | ||
al- azīz | al- azīz al-ʕalīm العزيز العليم “the Mighty, the Knower” (6, such as 6:96, 27:78) | ||
al-ʕazīz | al-ʕazīz al-ḥamīd العزيز الحميد “the Mighty, the Owner of Praise”(14:1, 34:6, 85:8) | ||
samīʕ baṣīr سميع بصير “Hearer, Seer” (4, such as 22:61) | samīʕ baṣīr سميع بصير “Hearer, Seer” (4, such as 22:61) | ||
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samīʕā baṣīrā سميعا بصيرا (3, such as 4:58) | samīʕā baṣīrā سميعا بصيرا (3, such as 4:58) | ||
as-samīʕ | as-samīʕ al-baṣīr السميع البصير (4, such as 40:20) | ||
ʕalīm qadīr عليم قدير “Knower, Powerful” (16:70, 42:50) | ʕalīm qadīr عليم قدير “Knower, Powerful” (16:70, 42:50) | ||
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ʕalīmā qadīrā عليما قديرا (35:44) | ʕalīmā qadīrā عليما قديرا (35:44) | ||
al-ʕalīm | al-ʕalīm al-qadīr العليم القدير (30:54) | ||
ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59) | ʕalīm ḥalīm عليم حليم “Knower, Forbearing” (4:12, 22:59) | ||
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ʕazīz ghafūr عزيز غفور “Mighty, Forgiving” (35:28) | ʕazīz ghafūr عزيز غفور “Mighty, Forgiving” (35:28) | ||
al- azīz | al- azīz al-ghafūr العزيز الغفور (67:2) | ||
raḥīm wadūd رحيم ودود “Merciful, Loving” (11:90) | raḥīm wadūd رحيم ودود “Merciful, Loving” (11:90) | ||
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shakūr ḥalīm شكور حليم “Appreciative, Forbearing” (64:17) | shakūr ḥalīm شكور حليم “Appreciative, Forbearing” (64:17) | ||
al-ghafūr | al-ghafūr al-wadūd الغفور الودود “the Forgiving, the Loving” (85:14) | ||
samīʕ qarīb سميع قريب “Hearer, Near” (34:50) | samīʕ qarīb سميع قريب “Hearer, Near” (34:50) | ||
<br /> | <br /> | ||
== | ==Examples of Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in Hadith== | ||
Due to the vast size of the Hadith corpus, it wasn’t possible for Idris Al-Arabi to scan the entirety of it for internal rhymes the same way he did with the Quran. Since that prayers tend to be poetic, Idris looked into Hadith collections of prayers and found most of the following internal rhymes. | |||
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The second example is from a | The second example is from a popular prayer that’s said after the call of prayer (adhān): | ||
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يَسْمَعُ النِّدَاءَ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ القَائِمَةِ آتِ مُحَمَّدًا <u>الوَسِيلَةَ وَالفَضِيلَةَ</u>، وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ، حَلَّتْ لَهُ شَفَاعَتِي يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ "<ref>صحيح البخاري، ج1 ص126، ط السلطانية | أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: " مَنْ قَالَ حِينَ يَسْمَعُ النِّدَاءَ: اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ، وَالصَّلَاةِ القَائِمَةِ آتِ مُحَمَّدًا <u>الوَسِيلَةَ وَالفَضِيلَةَ</u>، وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامًا مَحْمُودًا الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ، حَلَّتْ لَهُ شَفَاعَتِي يَوْمَ القِيَامَةِ "<ref>صحيح البخاري، ج1 ص126، ط السلطانية | ||
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Sunan Abi Dawud, vol.2 p.645, Tahqiq by Shuayb Arnaut</ref>قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَدْعُو " اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ا<u>لشِّقَاقِ وَالنِّفَاقِ</u> وَسُوءِ <u>الأَخْلاَقِ </u>" . | Sunan Abi Dawud, vol.2 p.645, Tahqiq by Shuayb Arnaut</ref>قَالَ أَبُو هُرَيْرَةَ إِنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم كَانَ يَدْعُو " اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ ا<u>لشِّقَاقِ وَالنِّفَاقِ</u> وَسُوءِ <u>الأَخْلاَقِ </u>" . | ||
OH: min <u> | OH: min <u>al-shiqāq wal-nifāq</u> wa suww <u>al-akhlāq</u> | ||
CA: mina <u>l-shiqāqi wal-nifāqi</u> wa sūʾi <u>l-ʾakhlāq</u> | CA: mina <u>l-shiqāqi wal-nifāqi</u> wa sūʾi <u>l-ʾakhlāq</u> | ||
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Tafsir Al-Tabari, vol.12 p.100, Dar Al-Tarbiyah</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">إِذَا دَخَلَ النُّورُ الْقَلْبَ انْفَسَحَ وَانْشَرَحَ.</span> | Tafsir Al-Tabari, vol.12 p.100, Dar Al-Tarbiyah</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">إِذَا دَخَلَ النُّورُ الْقَلْبَ انْفَسَحَ وَانْشَرَحَ.</span> | ||
OH: | OH: infasaḥ wa-nsharaḥ | ||
CA: infasaḥa wa-nsharaḥ | CA: infasaḥa wa-nsharaḥ | ||
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Al-Daʕawāt al-kabīr by Albayhaqī, vol.2 p.147, Tahqiq by Badr Al-Badr</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">اللَّهُمَّ هَبْ لِي قَلْبًا <u>تَقِيًّا نَقِيًّا</u> مِنَ الشَّرِّ بَرِيئا لَا كَافِرًا وَلَا شَقِيًّا.</span> | Al-Daʕawāt al-kabīr by Albayhaqī, vol.2 p.147, Tahqiq by Badr Al-Badr</ref><span dir="rtl" lang="en">اللَّهُمَّ هَبْ لِي قَلْبًا <u>تَقِيًّا نَقِيًّا</u> مِنَ الشَّرِّ بَرِيئا لَا كَافِرًا وَلَا شَقِيًّا.</span> | ||
OH: qalbā <u>taqiyyā naqiyyā</u> (pause) min | OH: qalbā <u>taqiyyā naqiyyā</u> (pause) min al-sharr bariyyā (pause) lā kāfirā wa lā shaqiyyā. | ||
CA: qalban <u>taqiyyan naqiyyā</u> (pause) mina l-sharri barīʾā (pause) lā kāfiran wa lā shaqiyyā. | CA: qalban <u>taqiyyan naqiyyā</u> (pause) mina l-sharri barīʾā (pause) lā kāfiran wa lā shaqiyyā. | ||
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Musnad Ahmad, vol.37 p.355, Al-Risalah</ref>" جَاهِدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ يُنَجِّي اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ <u>الْهَمِّ وَالْغَمِّ</u> " | Musnad Ahmad, vol.37 p.355, Al-Risalah</ref>" جَاهِدُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ؛ فَإِنَّ الْجِهَادَ فِي سَبِيلِ اللهِ بَابٌ مِنْ أَبْوَابِ الْجَنَّةِ يُنَجِّي اللهُ بِهِ مِنَ <u>الْهَمِّ وَالْغَمِّ</u> " | ||
OH: min | OH: min al-hamm wal-ghamm | ||
CA: mina l-hammi wal-ghamm | CA: mina l-hammi wal-ghamm | ||
Line 994: | Line 990: | ||
Musnad Abi Dawud Al-Tayalisi, vol.2 p.199, Dar Hajr</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ <u>الْكُفْرِ وَالْفَقْرِ</u>، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» | Musnad Abi Dawud Al-Tayalisi, vol.2 p.199, Dar Hajr</ref>«اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ <u>الْكُفْرِ وَالْفَقْرِ</u>، اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ عَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا أَنْتَ» | ||
OH: min <u> | OH: min <u>al-kufr wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhāb al-qabr (pause) | ||
CA: mina <u>l-kufri wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhābi l-qabr (pause) | CA: mina <u>l-kufri wal-faqr</u> (pause)… min ʕadhābi l-qabr (pause) |