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It has traditionally been taken for granted that the Qur'an was composed in Classical Arabic, the same literary language that was used by the Arab jurists, theologians, poets, historians and religious scholars of the Ummayyad and Abbasid caliphates and their successor states. But recent research, pioneered by Ahmad Al-Jallad of Ohio University and Marijn Van Putten of the university of | It has traditionally been taken for granted that the Qur'an was composed in Classical Arabic, the same literary language that was used by the Arab jurists, theologians, poets, historians and religious scholars of the Ummayyad and Abbasid caliphates and their successor states. But recent research, pioneered by Ahmad Al-Jallad of Ohio University and Marijn Van Putten of the university of Leiden, has shown that the Qur'an was actually composed in a different language, which they call Old Hijazi, the ancient vernacular dialect of the Hijaz region which includes Makkah and Medina. | ||
This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in Old Hijazi. | This is a comprehensive list of internal rhymes in the Quran and Hadith that only appear if the text is read in Old Hijazi. | ||
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In some of the examples, none of the two rhyming words comes in a pausal position. Yet the two words only rhyme with each other in Old Hijazi because each word has a different classical Arabic final short vowel or nunation and thus the two words don’t rhyme with each other in classical Arabic. Removing these final short vowels and nunation reveals that the two words in their original forms rhyme with each other. An example of this type: | In some of the examples, none of the two rhyming words comes in a pausal position. Yet the two words only rhyme with each other in Old Hijazi because each word has a different classical Arabic final short vowel or nunation and thus the two words don’t rhyme with each other in classical Arabic. Removing these final short vowels and nunation reveals that the two words in their original forms rhyme with each other. An example of this type: | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَأَنْزَلْنَا الْحَدِيدَ فِيهِ بَأْسٌ شَدِيدٌ وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾</span> Q57:25 | ||
Old Hijazi: wa anzalna l-ḥadīd fīh bās shadīd wa manāfiʕ… | Old Hijazi: wa anzalna l-ḥadīd fīh bās shadīd wa manāfiʕ… | ||
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==A list of Individual Instances of High-Quality Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran== | ==A list of Individual Instances of High-Quality Old Hijazi Internal Rhymes in the Quran== | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿<u>وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ</u> عَذَابٌ <u>مُهِينٌ</u>﴾</span> Q2:90, 58:5 | ||
Old Hijazi: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>muhīn</u>. | Old Hijazi: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>muhīn</u>. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَاللَّهُ <u>عَلِيمٌ بِالظَّالِمِينَ</u>﴾</span> Q2:95,246 , 9:47, 62:7 | ||
Old Hijazi: wal-lāh ʕalīm biḍh-ḍhālimīn. | Old Hijazi: wal-lāh ʕalīm biḍh-ḍhālimīn. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمَا أُنْزِلَ عَلَى الْمَلَكَيْنِ بِبَابِلَ <u>هَارُوتَ وَمَارُوتَ</u> ۚ وَمَا يُعَلِّمَانِ مِنْ أَحَدٍ حَتَّى...﴾</span> Q2:102 | ||
OH: harūt wa mārūt | OH: harūt wa mārūt | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ بِالْحَقِّ <u>بَشِيرًا وَنَذِيرًا</u> ۖ وَلَا تُسْأَلُ عَنْ أَصْحَابِ الْجَحِيمِ﴾</span> Q2:119, 35:24. Plus 3 other attestations where the second word isn’t in a pausal position. | ||
OH: bashīrā wa nadhīrā | OH: bashīrā wa nadhīrā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَلِلْكَافِرِينَ <u>عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ</u>﴾</span> Q2:104 Q58:4 | ||
OH: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> | OH: wa lil-<u>kāfirīn</u> ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِذْ تَبَرَّأَ الَّذِينَ اتُّبِعُوا مِنَ الَّذِينَ اتَّبَعُوا وَرَأَوُا <u>الْعَذَابَ</u> وَتَقَطَّعَتْ بِهِمُ ا<u>لْأَسْبَابُ</u> ﴾</span> Q2:166 | ||
OH: wa rāu l-<u>ʕadhāb</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihum ǝl-<u>asbāb</u> | OH: wa rāu l-<u>ʕadhāb</u> wa taqaṭṭaʕat bihum ǝl-<u>asbāb</u> | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمَثَلُ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا كَمَثَلِ الَّذِي يَنْعِقُ بِمَا لَا يَسْمَعُ إِلَّا <u>دُعَاءً وَنِدَاءًۚ</u> صُمٌّ بُكْمٌ عُمْيٌ فَهُمْ لَا يَعْقِلُونَ ﴾</span> Q2:171 | ||
OH: duʕāʾā wa nidāʾā | OH: duʕāʾā wa nidāʾā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿شَهْرُ <u>رَمَضَانَ</u> الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ <u>الْقُرْآنُ</u> هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى <u>وَالْفُرْقَانِۚ</u> فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى <u>سَفَرٍ</u> فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ <u>أُخَرَۗ</u> يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ (١٨٥) وَإِذَا سَأَلَكَ عِبَادِي عَنِّي فَإِنِّي <u>قَرِيبٌ</u> ۖ <u>أُجِيبُ</u> دَعْوَةَ الدَّاعِ إِذَا دَعَانِ فَلْيَسْتَجِيبُوا لِي وَلْيُؤْمِنُوا بِي لَعَلَّهُمْ يَرْشُدُونَ (١٨٦)﴾</span> | ||
Q2:185,186 | Q2:185,186 | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي <u>الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِۖ</u> وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ﴾</span> Q2:247 | ||
OH: fil-ʕilm wal-jism. | OH: fil-ʕilm wal-jism. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمَنْ يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ <u>خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا</u> ۗ وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلَّا أُولُو الْأَلْبَابِ﴾</span> Q2:269 the two words are also attested at the end of verse Q4:19 | ||
OH: khayrā kathīrā. | OH: khayrā kathīrā. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَإِنْ كَانَ ذُو <u>عُسْرَةٍ</u> <u>فَنَظِرَةٌ</u> إِلَى <u>مَيْسَرَةٍۚ</u> وَأَنْ تَصَدَّقُوا خَيْرٌ لَكُمْ إِنْ كُنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ ﴾</span> Q2:280 | ||
OH: ʕusurah fanaḍhirah ilā maysurah. | OH: ʕusurah fanaḍhirah ilā maysurah. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿تَوَدُّ لَوْ أَنَّ بَيْنَهَا وَبَيْنَهُ <u>أَمَدًا بَعِيدًا</u> ۗ وَيُحَذِّرُكُمُ اللَّهُ نَفْسَهُ... ﴾</span> Q3:30 | ||
OH: amadā baʕīdā | OH: amadā baʕīdā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿فَإِنْ تَوَلَّوْا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ <u>عَلِيمٌ بِالْمُفْسِدِينَ</u>﴾</span> Q3:63 | ||
OH: ʕalīm bil-mufsidīn | OH: ʕalīm bil-mufsidīn | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿أُولَئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ <u>نَاصِرِينَ</u> ﴾</span> Q3:91 16 | ||
OH: ʕadhāb alīm wamālahum min nāṣirīn | OH: ʕadhāb alīm wamālahum min nāṣirīn | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَاللَّهُ عَ<u>لِيمٌ بِالْمُتَّقِينَ</u> ﴾</span> Q3:115, 9:44 | ||
OH: ʕalīm bil-muttaqīn | OH: ʕalīm bil-muttaqīn | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّ الَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا مِنْكُمْ يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِ</u> إِنَّمَا اسْتَزَلَّهُمُ <u>الشَّيْطَانُ</u> بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا... ﴾</span> Q3:155 | ||
OH: yawm ǝltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u> innama stazallahum ǝsh-<u>shayṭān</u> bibaʕḍi mā… | OH: yawm ǝltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u> innama stazallahum ǝsh-<u>shayṭān</u> bibaʕḍi mā… | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿الَّذِينَ قَالُوا إِنَّ اللَّهَ فَقِيرٌ وَنَحْنُ <u>أَغْنِيَاءُ</u> ۘ سَنَكْتُبُ مَا قَالُوا وَقَتْلَهُمُ <u>الْأَنْبِيَاءَ</u> بِغَيْرِ حَقٍّ...﴾</span> Q3:181 | ||
OH: wa naḥn <u>aghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahum ǝl-<u>anbiyāʾ</u> bighayri ḥaqq. | OH: wa naḥn <u>aghniyāʾ</u> (pause) sanaktub mā qālū wa qatlahum ǝl-<u>anbiyāʾ</u> bighayri ḥaqq. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿فَكُلُوهُ <u>هَنِيئًا مَرِيئًا</u>﴾</span> Q4:4 | ||
OH: haniyyā mariyyā. | OH: haniyyā mariyyā. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿أَنْ تَقُولُوا مَا جَاءَنَا مِنْ <u>بَشِيرٍ وَلَا نَذِيرٍۖ</u> فَقَدْ جَاءَكُمْ بَ<u>شِيرٌ وَنَذِيرٌ</u> ۗ وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾</span> Q5:19 | ||
OH: min <u>bashīr</u> wa lā <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) faqad jākum <u>bashīr</u> wa <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) wal-lāh ʕalā kulli shayy qadīr. | OH: min <u>bashīr</u> wa lā <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) faqad jākum <u>bashīr</u> wa <u>nadhīr</u> (pause) wal-lāh ʕalā kulli shayy qadīr. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَهُمْ <u>يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَيَنْأَوْنَ عَنْهُ</u> ۖ وَإِنْ يُهْلِكُونَ إِلَّا أَنْفُسَهُمْ وَمَا يَشْعُرُونَ</span> Q6:26 | ||
OH: yanhawn ʕanh wa yanawn ʕanh. | OH: yanhawn ʕanh wa yanawn ʕanh. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمَا نُرْسِلُ الْمُرْسَلِينَ إِلَّا <u>مُبَشِّرِينَ وَمُنْذِرِينَ</u> ۖ فَمَنْ آمَنَ وَأَصْلَحَ فَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ﴾</span> Q6:48 The two words also occur in three other positions, including one in a pausal position Q18:56 | ||
OH: mubashshirīn wa mundhirīn. | OH: mubashshirīn wa mundhirīn. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَيَعْلَمُ مَا فِي <u>الْبَرِّ وَالْبَحْرِۚ</u> وَمَا تَسْقُطُ مِنْ وَرَقَةٍ إِلَّا يَعْلَمُهَا...﴾</span> Q6:59 The two words also occur in 6 other positions including 2 in pausal positions Q6:97, 10:22 | ||
OH: fil-barr wal-baḥr. | OH: fil-barr wal-baḥr. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿لَهُمْ شَرَابٌ مِنْ <u>حَمِيمٍ</u> وَعَذَابٌ <u>أَلِيمٌ</u> بِمَا كَانُوا يَكْفُرُونَ﴾</span> Q6:70 Q10:4 | ||
OH: min <u>ḥamīm</u> wa ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> bimā… | OH: min <u>ḥamīm</u> wa ʕadhāb <u>alīm</u> bimā… | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمَا أَنْزَلْنَا عَلَى عَبْدِنَا يَوْمَ <u>الْفُرْقَانِ</u> يَوْمَ الْتَقَى <u>الْجَمْعَانِۗ</u> وَاللَّهُ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٌ﴾</span> Q8:41 | ||
OH: yawm ǝl-<u>furqān</u> yawm ǝltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u>. | OH: yawm ǝl-<u>furqān</u> yawm ǝltaqa l-<u>jamʕān</u>. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿لَهُمْ فِيهَا <u>نَعِيمٌ مُقِيمٌ</u> ﴾</span> Q9:21 | ||
OH: naʕīm muqīm. | OH: naʕīm muqīm. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿أَمْ مَنْ أَسَّسَ بُنْيَانَهُ عَلَى شَفَا جُرُفٍ <u>هَارٍ فَانْهَارَ</u> بِهِ فِي نَارِ جَهَنَّمَ...﴾</span> Q9:109 | ||
OH: hār fanhār … | OH: hār fanhār … | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿أَلَّا تَعْبُدُوا إِلَّا اللَّهَ إِنَّنِي لَكُمْ مِنْهُ <u>نَذِيرٌ وَبَشِيرٌ</u>﴾</span> Q11:2 The two words also occur in a context position in Q7:188 | ||
OH: nadhīr wa bashīr. | OH: nadhīr wa bashīr. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَلَمَّا بَلَغَ أَشُدَّهُ آتَيْنَاهُ <u>حُكْمًا وَعِلْمًا</u> ۚ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِي الْمُحْسِنِينَ﴾</span> Q12:22 The two words also occur in three other verses including two in pausal positions Q21:79, 28:14. | ||
OH: ḥukmā wa ʕilmā. | OH: ḥukmā wa ʕilmā. | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّكَ الْيَوْمَ لَدَيْنَا <u>مَكِينٌ أَمِينٌ</u> ﴾</span> Q12:22 | ||
OH: makīn amīn | OH: makīn amīn | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ وَسَيَعْلَمُ <u>الْكُفَّارُ</u> لِمَنْ عُقْبَى <u>الدَّارِ</u>﴾</span> Q13:42 | ||
OH: wa sayaʕlam <u>ǝl-kuffār</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u> | OH: wa sayaʕlam <u>ǝl-kuffār</u> liman ʕuqba <u>d-dār</u> | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿خَلَقَ الْإِنْسَانَ مِنْ نُطْفَةٍ فَإِذَا هُوَ <u>خَصِيمٌ مُبِينٌ</u> ﴾</span> Q16:4, 36:77 | ||
OH: khaṣīm mubīn | OH: khaṣīm mubīn | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ وَمَنْ رَزَقْنَاهُ مِنَّا رِزْقًا حَسَنًا فَهُوَ يُنْفِقُ مِنْهُ <u>سِرًّا وَجَهْرًا</u> ۖ هَلْ يَسْتَوُونَ الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ بَلْ أَكْثَرُهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ﴾</span> Q16:75 | ||
OH: sirrā wa jahrā | OH: sirrā wa jahrā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَيُبَشِّرُ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ الَّذِينَ يَعْمَلُونَ الصَّالِحَاتِ أَنَّ لَهُمْ <u>أَجْرًا كَبِيرً</u>ا﴾</span> Q17:9 | ||
OH: ajrā kabīrā | OH: ajrā kabīrā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمَا أَرْسَلْنَاكَ إِلَّا <u>مُبَشِّرًا وَنَذِيرًا</u> ﴾</span> Q17:105 The two words also occur in the end of 3 other verses Q25:56, 33:45, 48:8. | ||
OH: mubashshirā wa nadhīrā | OH: mubashshirā wa nadhīrā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿هُوَ خَيْرٌ <u>ثَوَابًا</u> وَخَيْرٌ <u>عُقْبًا</u> ﴾</span> Q18:44 | ||
OH: hū khayr <u>thawābā</u> wa khayr <u>ʕuqbā</u> | OH: hū khayr <u>thawābā</u> wa khayr <u>ʕuqbā</u> | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿قَالَ سَتَجِدُنِي إِنْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ <u>صَابِرًا</u> وَلَا أَعْصِي لَكَ <u>أَمْرًا</u>﴾</span> Q18:69 | ||
OH: ṣābirā...amrā | OH: ṣābirā...amrā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿قَالُوا يَامَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ <u>شَيْئًا فَرِيًّا</u>﴾</span> Q19:27 | ||
OH: shayyā fariyyā | OH: shayyā fariyyā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿فَلَا يَخَافُ <u>ظُلْمًا وَلَا هَضْمًا</u> ﴾</span> Q20:112 | ||
OH: ḍhulmā wa lā haḍmā | OH: ḍhulmā wa lā haḍmā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْخَيْرَاتِ وَيَدْعُونَنَا <u>رَغَبًا وَرَهَبًا</u> ۖ وَكَانُوا لَنَا خَاشِعِينَ﴾</span> Q21:90 | ||
OH: raghabā wa rahabā | OH: raghabā wa rahabā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَالْمَسْجِدِ الْحَرَامِ الَّذِي جَعَلْنَاهُ لِلنَّاسِ سَوَاءً الْعَاكِفُ فِيهِ <u>وَالْبَادِۚ</u> وَمَنْ يُرِدْ فِيهِ <u>بِإِلْحَادٍ</u> بِظُلْمٍ نُذِقْهُ مِنْ عَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ ﴾</span> Q22:25 | ||
OH: fīh <u>wal-bād</u> (pause) wa man yurid fīh <u>biilḥād</u> biḍhulm… | OH: fīh <u>wal-bād</u> (pause) wa man yurid fīh <u>biilḥād</u> biḍhulm… | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿لَا تَدْعُوا الْيَوْمَ ثُبُورًا وَاحِدًا وَادْعُوا <u>ثُبُورًا كَثِيرًا</u>﴾</span> Q25:14 | ||
OH: thubūrā kathīrā | OH: thubūrā kathīrā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَبُرِّزَتِ ا<u>لْجَحِيمُ لِلْغَاوِينَ</u>﴾</span> Q26:91 | ||
OH: wa burrizat <u>ǝl-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn</u> | OH: wa burrizat <u>ǝl-jaḥīm lil-ghāwīn</u> | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿قَالَ هَذَا مِنْ فَضْلِ رَبِّي لِيَبْلُوَنِي <u>أَأَشْكُرُ أَمْ أَكْفُرُ</u> ۖ وَمَنْ شَكَرَ فَإِنَّمَا يَشْكُرُ لِنَفْسِهِ ۖ ... ﴾</span> Q27:40 | ||
OH: aashkur am akfur | OH: aashkur am akfur | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَإِنَّ أَوْهَنَ <u>الْبُيُوتِ</u> لَبَيْتُ <u>الْعَنْكَبُوتِۚ</u> لَوْ كَانُوا يَعْلَمُونَ ﴾</span> Q29:41 | ||
OH: wa inn awhan <u>ǝl-buyūt</u> labayt <u>ǝl-ʕankabūt</u> | OH: wa inn awhan <u>ǝl-buyūt</u> labayt <u>ǝl-ʕankabūt</u> | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَإِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِ آيَاتُنَا وَلَّى <u>مُسْتَكْبِرًا</u> كَأَنْ لَمْ يَسْمَعْهَا كَأَنَّ فِي أُذُنَيْهِ <u>وَقْرًا</u> ۖ فَبَشِّرْهُ بِعَذَابٍ أَلِيمٍ﴾</span> Q31:7 | ||
OH: wallē <u>mustakbirā</u> kaan lam yasmaʕhā kaan fī udhunayh <u>waqrā</u> | OH: wallē <u>mustakbirā</u> kaan lam yasmaʕhā kaan fī udhunayh <u>waqrā</u> | ||
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CA: wallā <u>mustakbiran</u> kaʾan lam yasmaʕhā kaʾanna fī ʾudhunayhi <u>waqrā</u> | CA: wallā <u>mustakbiran</u> kaʾan lam yasmaʕhā kaʾanna fī ʾudhunayhi <u>waqrā</u> | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿<u>وَاقْصِدْ فِي مَشْيِكَ وَاغْضُضْ مِنْ صَوْتِكَ</u> ۚ إِنَّ أَنْكَرَ الْأَصْوَاتِ لَصَوْتُ الْحَمِيرِ ﴾</span> Q31:19 | ||
OH: waqṣid fī mashyik waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik | OH: waqṣid fī mashyik waghḍuḍ min ṣawtik | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَكَانَ أَمْرُ اللَّهِ <u>قَدَرًا مَقْدُورًا</u>﴾</span> Q33:38 | ||
OH: qadarā maqdūrā | OH: qadarā maqdūrā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿اذْكُرُوا اللَّهَ <u>ذِكْرًا كَثِيرًا</u> ﴾</span> Q33:41 | ||
OH: dhikran kathīrā | OH: dhikran kathīrā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿أَمْ أَنَا خَيْرٌ مِنْ هَذَا الَّذِي هُوَ <u>مَهِينٌ</u> وَلَا يَكَادُ <u>يُبِينُ</u> ﴾</span> Q43:52 “mahīn” is the ending of a verse according to some readings so this instance might not be a case of internal rhyme. | ||
OH: hū <u>mahīn</u> wa lā yakād <u>yabīn</u> | OH: hū <u>mahīn</u> wa lā yakād <u>yabīn</u> | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِلَّا قِيلًا سَلَامًا سَلَامًا﴾</span> Q56:26 Discovered by Van Putten | ||
OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā | OH: illā qīlā salāmā salāmā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿لَا مَقْطُوعَةٍ وَلَا مَمْنُوعَةٍ ﴾</span> Q56:33 | ||
OH: lā maqṭūʕah wa lā mamnūʕah | OH: lā maqṭūʕah wa lā mamnūʕah | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿عُرُبًا أَتْرَابًا﴾</span> Q56:37 | ||
OH: ʕurubā atrābā | OH: ʕurubā atrābā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَأَنْزَلْنَا <u>الْحَدِيدَ</u> فِيهِ بَأْسٌ <u>شَدِيدٌ</u> وَمَنَافِعُ لِلنَّاسِ... ﴾</span> Q57:25 | ||
OH: wa anzalna <u>l-ḥadīd</u> fīh bās <u>shadīd</u> wa manāfiʕ… | OH: wa anzalna <u>l-ḥadīd</u> fīh bās <u>shadīd</u> wa manāfiʕ… | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَإِنَّهُمْ لَيَقُولُونَ <u>مُنْكَرًا</u> مِنَ الْقَوْلِ <u>وَزُورًا</u> ۚ وَإِنَّ اللَّهَ لَعَفُوٌّ غَفُورٌ ﴾</span> Q58:2 | ||
OH: <u>munkarā</u> min al-qawl wa <u>zūrā</u> | OH: <u>munkarā</u> min al-qawl wa <u>zūrā</u> | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿قَدْ كَانَتْ لَكُمْ أُسْوَةٌ <u>حَسَنَةٌ</u> فِي إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَالَّذِينَ <u>مَعَهُ</u> إِذْ قَالُوا لِقَوْمِهِمْ... ﴾</span> Q60:4 | ||
OH: uswah <u>ḥasanah</u> fi ibrāhīm wal-ladhīn <u>maʕah</u> idh qālū… | OH: uswah <u>ḥasanah</u> fi ibrāhīm wal-ladhīn <u>maʕah</u> idh qālū… | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمَكَرُوا <u>مَكْرًا كُبَّارًا</u> ﴾</span> Q71:22 | ||
OH: makrā kubbārā | OH: makrā kubbārā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا <u>فَاجِرًا كَفَّارًا</u> ﴾</span> Q71:27 | ||
OH: fājirā kaffārā | OH: fājirā kaffārā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّا سَنُلْقِي عَلَيْكَ <u>قَوْلًا ثَقِيلًا</u> ﴾</span> Q73:5 | ||
OH: qawlā thaqīlā | OH: qawlā thaqīlā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿تَجِدُوهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ هُوَ <u>خَيْرًا</u> وَأَعْظَمَ <u>أَجْرًا</u> ۚ وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا اللَّهَ... ﴾</span> Q73:20 | ||
OH: hū <u>khayrā</u> wa aʕḍham <u>ajrā</u> | OH: hū <u>khayrā</u> wa aʕḍham <u>ajrā</u> | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّهُ <u>فَكَّرَ وَقَدَّرَ</u>﴾</span> Q74:18 | ||
OH: innah <u>fakkar wa qaddar</u> | OH: innah <u>fakkar wa qaddar</u> | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ثُمَّ <u>أَدْبَرَ وَاسْتَكْبَرَ</u>﴾</span> Q74:23 | ||
OH: thumm <u>adbar was-takbar</u> | OH: thumm <u>adbar was-takbar</u> | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّا هَدَيْنَاهُ السَّبِيلَ إِمَّا <u>شَاكِرًا</u> وَإِمَّا <u>كَفُورًا</u> ﴾</span> Q76:3 | ||
OH: immā <u>shākirā</u> wa immā <u>kafūrā</u> | OH: immā <u>shākirā</u> wa immā <u>kafūrā</u> | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَمِنَ اللَّيْلِ فَاسْجُدْ لَهُ وَسَبِّحْهُ <u>لَيْلًا طَوِيلًا</u>﴾</span> Q76:26 | ||
OH: laylā ṭawīlā | OH: laylā ṭawīlā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿عُذْرًا أَوْ نُذْرًا﴾</span> Q77:6 | ||
OH: ʕudhrā aw nudhrā | OH: ʕudhrā aw nudhrā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّهَا تَرْمِي <u>بِشَرَرٍ كَالْقَصْرِ</u>﴾</span> Q77:32 | ||
OH: bisharar kal-qaṣar | OH: bisharar kal-qaṣar | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَجَعَلْنَا <u>سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا</u> ﴾</span> Q78:13 | ||
OH: sirājā wahhājā | OH: sirājā wahhājā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّا أَنْذَرْنَاكُمْ <u>عَذَابًا</u> <u>قَرِيبًا</u> يَوْمَ يَنْظُرُ الْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ وَيَقُولُ الْكَافِرُ يَالَيْتَنِي كُنْتُ تُرَابًا ﴾</span> Q78:40 | ||
OH: ʕadhābā qarībā | OH: ʕadhābā qarībā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَعِنَبًا وَقَضْبًا ﴾</span> Q80:28 | ||
OH: wa ʕinabā wa qaḍbā | OH: wa ʕinabā wa qaḍbā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ أُولَئِكَ هُمُ <u>الْكَفَرَةُ الْفَجَرَةُ</u>﴾</span> Q80:42 | ||
OH: hum ǝl-kafarah ǝl-fajarh | OH: hum ǝl-kafarah ǝl-fajarh | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿نَاصِيَةٍ كَاذِبَةٍ خَاطِئَةٍ ﴾</span> Q96:16 discovered by Larcher | ||
OH: nāṣiyah kādhibah khāṭiyah | OH: nāṣiyah kādhibah khāṭiyah | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَيْلٌ لِكُلِّ <u>هُمَزَةٍ لُمَزَةٍ</u> ﴾</span> Q104:1 | ||
OH: humazah lumazah | OH: humazah lumazah | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ وَيَمْنَ<u>عُونَ الْمَاعُونَ</u>﴾</span> Q107:7 | ||
OH: wa yamnaʕūn ǝl-māʕūn | OH: wa yamnaʕūn ǝl-māʕūn | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿تَبَّتْ يَدَا أَبِي <u>لَهَبٍ وَتَبَّ</u>﴾</span> Q111:1 | ||
OH: tabbat yadā abī lahab wa tab | OH: tabbat yadā abī lahab wa tab | ||
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CA: tabbat yadā ʾabī lahabin wa tab | CA: tabbat yadā ʾabī lahabin wa tab | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿مِنْ شَرِّ <u>الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ</u>﴾</span> Q114:4 | ||
OH: min sharri l-waswās ǝl-khannās | OH: min sharri l-waswās ǝl-khannās | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿<u>وَهُدًى وَبُشْرَى</u> لِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ﴾</span> Q2:97 The two words also occur at 16:102 and 27:2 | ||
Old Hijazi: <u>wa hudē wa bushrē</u> lil-mūminīn | Old Hijazi: <u>wa hudē wa bushrē</u> lil-mūminīn | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿نَذِيرٌ مُبِينٌ﴾</span> Q7:184 The two words also occur at the end of 10 other verses such as 11:25, 22:49. | ||
OH: nadhīr mubīn | OH: nadhīr mubīn | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿لَيَئُوسٌ كَفُورٌ﴾</span> Q11:9 | ||
OH: layaūs kafūr | OH: layaūs kafūr | ||
Line 606: | Line 606: | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿إِنَّ أَخْذَهُ <u>أَلِيمٌ شَدِيدٌ</u>﴾</span> Q11:102 | ||
OH: alīm shadīd | OH: alīm shadīd | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿لَهُمْ فِيهَا <u>زَفِيرٌ وَشَهِيقٌ</u>﴾</span> Q11:106 | ||
OH: zafīr wa shahīq | OH: zafīr wa shahīq | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿قَالَ اجْعَلْنِي عَلَى خَزَائِنِ الْأَرْضِ إِنِّي <u>حَفِيظٌ عَلِيمٌ</u> ﴾</span> Q12:55 | ||
OH: ḥafīḍh ʕalīm | OH: ḥafīḍh ʕalīm | ||
Line 627: | Line 627: | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿مَذْمُومًا مَدْحُورًا﴾</span> Q17:18 | ||
OH: madhmūmā madḥūrā | OH: madhmūmā madḥūrā | ||
Line 634: | Line 634: | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿مَذْمُومًا مَخْذُولًا﴾</span> Q17:22 | ||
OH: madhmūmā makhdhūlā | OH: madhmūmā makhdhūlā | ||
Line 641: | Line 641: | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ مِنْ كُلِّ <u>زَوْجٍ بَهِيجٍ</u>﴾</span> Q22:5, 50:7 | ||
OH: zawj bahīj | OH: zawj bahīj | ||
Line 648: | Line 648: | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿قَالَ عَمَّا <u>قَلِيلٍ</u> لَيُصْبِحُنَّ <u>نَادِمِينَ</u>﴾</span> Q23:40 | ||
OH: ʕammā <u>qalīl</u> la yuṣbiḥunn <u>nādimīn</u> | OH: ʕammā <u>qalīl</u> la yuṣbiḥunn <u>nādimīn</u> | ||
Line 655: | Line 655: | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ إِنَّهُ كَانَ <u>ظَلُومًا جَهُولً</u>ا ﴾</span> Q33:72 | ||
OH: ḍhalūmā jahūlā | OH: ḍhalūmā jahūlā | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَلَهُمْ فِيهَا مَنَافِعُ وَمَشَارِبُ ۚ أَفَلَا يَشْكُرُونَ﴾</span> Q36:73 | ||
OH: manāfiʕ wa mashārib | OH: manāfiʕ wa mashārib | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَإِنْ مَسَّهُ الشَّرُّ فَ<u>يَئُوسٌ قَنُوطٌ</u> ﴾</span> Q41:49 | ||
OH: fa yaūs qanūṭ | OH: fa yaūs qanūṭ | ||
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<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ذُقْ إِنَّكَ أَنْتَ <u>الْعَزِيزُ الْكَرِيمُ</u> ﴾</span> Q44:49 | ||
OH: ant ǝl-ʕazīz ǝl-karīm | OH: ant ǝl-ʕazīz ǝl-karīm | ||
Line 683: | Line 683: | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿مَا يَلْفِظُ مِنْ قَوْلٍ إِلَّا لَدَيْهِ <u>رَقِيبٌ عَتِيدٌ</u> ﴾</span> Q50:18 | ||
OH: raqīb ʕatīd | OH: raqīb ʕatīd | ||
Line 690: | Line 690: | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَيَبْقَى وَجْهُ رَبِّكَ ذُو <u>الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ</u> ﴾</span> Q55:27 | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿ذِي <u>الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ</u> ﴾</span> Q55:78 | ||
OH: l-jalāl wal-ikram | OH: l-jalāl wal-ikram | ||
Line 699: | Line 699: | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿خَافِضَةٌ رَافِعَةٌ﴾</span> Q56:3 | ||
OH: khāfiḍah rāfiʕah | OH: khāfiḍah rāfiʕah | ||
Line 706: | Line 706: | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿فِي <u>سَمُومٍ وَحَمِيمٍ</u>﴾</span> Q56:42 | ||
OH: samūm wa ḥamīm | OH: samūm wa ḥamīm | ||
Line 713: | Line 713: | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَكَانَتِ الْجِبَالُ <u>كَثِيبًا مَهِيلًا</u>﴾</span> Q73:14 | ||
OH: kathībā mahīlā | OH: kathībā mahīlā | ||
Line 720: | Line 720: | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿عَامِلَةٌ نَاصِبَةٌ﴾</span> Q88:3 | ||
OH: ʕāmilah nāṣibah | OH: ʕāmilah nāṣibah | ||
Line 729: | Line 729: | ||
Q89:19-22 | Q89:19-22 | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿وَتَأْكُلُونَ التُّرَاثَ <u>أَكْلًا لَمًّا</u> (١٩) وَتُحِبُّونَ الْمَالَ <u>حُبًّا جَمًّا</u> (٢٠) كَلَّا إِذَا دُكَّتِ الْأَرْضُ <u>دَكًّا دَكًّا (</u>٢١) وَجَاءَ رَبُّكَ وَالْمَلَكُ <u>صَفًّا صَفًّا</u> (٢٢) ﴾</span> | ||
OH: …aklā lammā…ḥubbā jammā…dakkā dakkā…ṣaffā ṣaffā | OH: …aklā lammā…ḥubbā jammā…dakkā dakkā…ṣaffā ṣaffā | ||
Line 736: | Line 736: | ||
<span | <span lang="en" dir="rtl">﴿فَقَالَ رَبِّ إِنِّي لِمَا أَنْزَلْتَ إِلَيَّ مِنْ <u>خَيْرٍ فَقِيرٌ</u> ﴾</span> Q28:24 | ||
OH: khayr faqīr | OH: khayr faqīr | ||
Line 882: | Line 882: | ||
<ref>تفسير الطبري في ج12 ص100 دار التربية | <ref>تفسير الطبري في ج12 ص100 دار التربية | ||
Tafsir Al-Tabari, vol.12 p.100, Dar Al-Tarbiyah</ref><span | Tafsir Al-Tabari, vol.12 p.100, Dar Al-Tarbiyah</ref><span lang="en" dir="rtl">إِذَا دَخَلَ النُّورُ الْقَلْبَ انْفَسَحَ وَانْشَرَحَ.</span> | ||
OH: ǝnfasaḥ wa-nsharaḥ | OH: ǝnfasaḥ wa-nsharaḥ | ||
Line 902: | Line 902: | ||
<ref>سنن ابن ماجه، ج5 ص17، دار الرسالة العلمية | <ref>سنن ابن ماجه، ج5 ص17، دار الرسالة العلمية | ||
(Sunan Ibn Majah, vol.5 p.17, Dar Al-Risalah Al-ʿilmiyyah)</ref><span | (Sunan Ibn Majah, vol.5 p.17, Dar Al-Risalah Al-ʿilmiyyah)</ref><span lang="en" dir="rtl">اللَّهمَّ إنِّي أسألُكَ مِنَ الخيرِ كلِّهِ <u>عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ</u> ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ ، وأعوذُ بِكَ منَ الشَّرِّ كلِّهِ <u>عاجلِهِ وآجلِهِ</u> ، ما عَلِمْتُ منهُ وما لم أعلَمْ.</span> | ||
OH: ʕājilih wa ājilih | OH: ʕājilih wa ājilih | ||
Line 911: | Line 911: | ||
<ref>صحيح مسلم ج2 ص697 تحقيق عبد الباقي | <ref>صحيح مسلم ج2 ص697 تحقيق عبد الباقي | ||
Sahih Muslim, vol.2 p.697, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi</ref><span | Sahih Muslim, vol.2 p.697, Tahqiq by Abdul Baqi</ref><span lang="en" dir="rtl">أَنَّ نَاسًا مِنْ أَصْحَابِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالُوا لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللهِ، ذَهَبَ أَهْلُ <u>الدُّثُورِ بِالْأُجُو</u>رِ، يُصَلُّونَ كَمَا نُصَلِّي، وَيَصُومُونَ كَمَا نَصُومُ، وَيَتَصَدَّقُونَ بِفُضُولِ أَمْوَالِهِمْ.</span> | ||
OH: ahlu d-duthūr bil-ujūr | OH: ahlu d-duthūr bil-ujūr | ||
Line 920: | Line 920: | ||
<ref>الدعوات الكبير للبيهقي، تحقيق بدر البدر، ج2 ص147 | <ref>الدعوات الكبير للبيهقي، تحقيق بدر البدر، ج2 ص147 | ||
Al-Daʕawāt al-kabīr by Albayhaqī, vol.2 p.147, Tahqiq by Badr Al-Badr</ref><span | Al-Daʕawāt al-kabīr by Albayhaqī, vol.2 p.147, Tahqiq by Badr Al-Badr</ref><span lang="en" dir="rtl">اللَّهُمَّ هَبْ لِي قَلْبًا <u>تَقِيًّا نَقِيًّا</u> مِنَ الشَّرِّ بَرِيئا لَا كَافِرًا وَلَا شَقِيًّا.</span> | ||
OH: qalbā <u>taqiyyā naqiyyā</u> (pause) min ǝl-sharr bariyyā (pause) lā kāfirā wa lā shaqiyyā. | OH: qalbā <u>taqiyyā naqiyyā</u> (pause) min ǝl-sharr bariyyā (pause) lā kāfirā wa lā shaqiyyā. |